Woodchucks Poem Essay -- essays research papers

Eliminating the PestIn the poem Woodchucks by Maxine Kumin, the speaker unit is in her garden and is annoyed with some woodchucks that are eat and destroying the produce in the garden. The speaker in turn tries to get out the woodchucks by using humane gas to kill them and when that is unsuccessful, she resorts to more violent means. This poem uses the soreness woodchucks to signify the Jewish people during the Holocaust by the Nazi Party. In the first stanza of the poem, the speaker clearly identifies that some woodchucks are annoying her. To solve this problem, the speaker uses gas as a way to eliminate the pests quickly and painlessly much like the Nazis tried to eradicate the Jews from their presence. Gassing the woodchucks is an easy way to remove the pests because using gas does not involve looking at the victims as they are put to death. This is also why the Nazis used the gassing methods to kill the Jews. subsequently time this method was not as widely used due to the r esilience of the woodchucks and Jews. Thus, this led the killers to use more ruthless techniques.The second stanza and third stanza narrate how the woodchucks continue to destroy the garden because the cyanide gas was not successful. The speaker tells about the woodchucks taking over the vegetable patch and beheading the carrots. This drives the speaker crazy, indeed taking the violence to another level. The speaker pulls out a gun and puts the ...

Redistibution of Wealth Essay -- essays research papers

Redistribution Of WealthOctober 1929 the United States of America went into a state of great depression. Millions of Americans lost their jobs, their homes and went profoundly in debt. The reasons for the great depression were the over production of goods, higher tariffs, over speculation of the stock market, unregulated banking and the misdistribution of wealth. The president of the time Franklin Delano Roosevelt enacted a solution called The wise Deal. This plan included emergency measures for industrial recovery, agricultural recovery and short-term emergency relief of the jobless(prenominal). Huey Long a senator from Louisiana was the biggest opposition to Roosevelt. Long proposed impose the rich to give to the poor. The government should not use its taxing power to redistribute the wealth in America.Huey Longs plan of reform border on socialism. He proposed that each family have the reasonable comforts of life up to 5,000,000 dollars. All family fortunes should be between 1 ,500,000 and 5,000,000. The yearly income should be no less then 2,000. Long wanted to regulate working hours, and provide pensions for people over 60. Huey planned on paying the veterans of wars and provide equal and free education. ultimately Huey Long wanted to raise the revenue and tax on the top inheritance. Share Our Wealth by soaking in the rich, he would make every man a king. The first reason that the governm...

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Many people think that Huckleberry Finn is a racist novel and they spend a penny even gone as far as banning the novel from certain schools. They base this view on the fact that the word nigger is utilise very often and they see the black people being portrayed in a degrading way to show that they are inferior to the exsanguine society. Contrary to this idea, Huckleberry Finn is not a racist novel. Mark Twain actually attacks racism by satirizing the lifestyle of the white people and shows that they have no suit at all to think that they are better than the blacks. This satirizing of the white people is effectively seen in the portrayal of the big business homo and the duke.Mark Twain starts to mock the king and the duke as soon as they are first introduced in the novel. Their appearance gives a negative impression right from the start. The king is described as having, an sure-enough(a) battered-up slouch hat on, and a greasy blue woolen shirt, and hes wearing, ragged old blue jeans britches stuffed into his boot tops.(Pg. 121) The duke is described as a great deal the same. This first impression coifs us feel as if these men are scum and we dont have a very good experience of them. The second thing that these men do also is used to mock society in two ways. The first man (the duke) makes up a base that he was actually the Duke of Bridgewater. He said that he was the son of the infant duke that was ignored to appropriate over a position. Not to be outdone, the second man (the king) makes up a story that he was actually the rightful King of France. Mark Twain uses Huck Finn to show what he thinks of these two men. It didnt take me to long to make up my mind that these liars warnt no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds.(Pg.125) These men are putting up a false front just like society does and Mark Twain shows finished Huck that he can see right through this false front. The second thing that is mocked is the fact that these p eople pretend that they are royalty. Jim wonders why these men carry on so much and Huck tells him, . . .because its in the breed. I reckon theyre all alike, and he also says, all kings is mostly rapscallions, as fur as I can make out.

Feminism Essay -- Womens Right, Equality

The past century saw women in Britain gain control of their fertility, film access to education and establish their status as equal citizens. The British social order came a long way from 1890s when women in Britain were efficaciously restricted to the point they could non enter a contract, own property or have parental rights unmarried women were challenged by society and pressured in to sum (British History Oxford, 2007).The womens rights and suffrage movements in the period between 1832 and 1918, which is known as The first feminist wave, aimed to challenge the idea of women being the subscript sex and demanded equal rights. This so called first wave ended with the Royal Assent to the Representation of the People Parliament Act being passed in 1918, which given(p) women the ability to vote and recognised females as equal citizens (Fraisse, 1993). Following work will assay the position of women in todays society and barriers that interdict gender equality. The focus will be on the conflict between feminist ideals, assumptions and demands behind what known as feminist movement. Feminism has evolved dramatically over time, which makes purpose a widely accepted set of feminist ideas an impossible task. However, Websters dictionary (2007, p230) defines feminism as a theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. Therefore, feminism is based around the idea of men and women being equal. On the other hand, feminist is also defined as an organized activity on behalf of womens rights and interests (Webster 2007, p.230). This extremely ambiguous definition suggests that any socially or politically active woman can be considered to be a feminist, so the ideas of feminists do not always coincide with the philosophy o... ...ens favour. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to determine what gender receives the larger income over a lifetime. With this in mind, modern feminism appears to be aimed at total equality, where every adult receives same wage and employers are controlled by the government. The feminist philosophy, on the other hand, preaches equality purely in legal and political rights. A number of conservative feminists believe the battle for equal rights was won when in 1928 women were enfranchised (British History Oxford, 2007). It caused social transformation in Britain and liberated women. This philosophy is relevant in modern society because it can be beneficial in any country where women experience hard ship delinquent lack of legal equality. Further legislation aimed at improving equality in the UK needs to consider possible side effects, and should promote equality for all.

violence :: essays research papers

In the fictional rook story The Child by Tiger no event occurs with out purpose. Authors of fictional short stories have to produce a well-read piece without any excess information or events. Thomas Wolfe was no exception to this rule. He demonstrated a serious fictional short story without any overflow of information or detail. An act of violence in a story provides suspense, drama, mystery, and other special advantages. Wolfe also displays the result of violent acts, especially in small towns. In The Child by Tiger Dicks violent act seems both shocking and surprising, but offers and excellent gateway to wrap up the end of a story. The violent act of Dick Prosser, the Sheppertons servant presents the story with a great crescendo of conflict and suspense. This kind, gentle, respectful man changed suddenly into a cold-blooded killer. The purpose of this violence in the story was to show the reader the demand for Dick to be free. Literally, he was free, but because of his position as the Sheppertons Negro man he was not. He even went as far as to kill people just so he could live his own life. Without the authors use of violence Dicks point would not be made as boldly. If he had talked to Mr. Shepperton about his desire to live his own life, it would not have made such an impression on the readers as it did when he became violent. Also, if Dick did in fact speak to Mr. Shepperton about his desire to live his own life and if it was granted to him the story would have had a gracious moral, but not offer the same excitement and drama as it did. The reader can also assume that if he was freed that he would have a difficult time trying to find employment and respect because this story takes place about 1937. Another interesting fact bout the Child by Tiger was that Thomas Wolfe provided subtle, yet imperative, foreshadowing to the readers. Throughout the story, a reader could have a feeling that something exciting should be happening but could neer be exactly su re. The narrator described Dick as having a muscular build, and when throwing the football he aimed it over his outstretched hands as if he were pointing a gun. We find out that later in the story he does in fact use a gun as a heart to try to free himself by killing and injuring several people, before running out of town.

Human Gene Therapy Essay -- Science Genetics Essays

benignant Gene TherapyWhat is human gene therapy? Human gene therapy is a procedure that is being used in an attempt to treat contagious and other disorders. Many ethical, social and safety concerns are being raised on the use of human contagious engineering. Gene therapy techniques will introduce copies of a healthy gene into cells of the body. The disease will be controlled if the introduced genes work normally. This is called somatic gene therapy because it introduces the gene into a somatic or body cell. Any cells that could start to form sperms or eggs will not drop genes introduced into them through somatic gene therapy. The insertion of a single gene into the somatic cells of an one-on-one with a life threatening genetic disease is the somatic cell gene therapy. This type of therapy is intended solely to eliminate the clinical consequences of the disease. Future generations shouldnt have any problems because the inserted gene is not passed down to them.Germ line gene th erapy, involves the insertions of a healthy gene into the fertilized egg of an animal that has a specific genetic defect. This has been performed successfully in several animal studies. The new gene is obtained in every cell in the body including reproductive cells. There are ternion overwhelming technical problems that are preventing consideration of this technique for the use in human beings. The first is that scientists have no way of diagnosing genetic disorders in the fertilized egg. Secondly, the procedure is most often used to insert genes into fertilized eggs - injection with a microscopically guided glass needle - has a high also-ran rate and thirdly, the problem is lack of control over where the gene is inserted into the embryos genetic machinery ... ...n of health insurance. I feel that any person regardless of age, sex, wealth and so on should have the opportunity to have the human gene therapy techniques performed. I also feel that the cost of the procedure of human gene therapy should be in the price range of anyone needing the procedure. Human gene therapy should not be available to only an elite group. Human gene therapy should be used in fetuses if the disease is recognized and if that fetus is in danger of dying. I feel human gene therapy will have a good impact on our society. to a greater extent funding should be allowed for human gene therapy so more research can be done to improve the techniques for this procedure.ReferencesAnderson, W.F., Science, vol 256 pp 808-813, May 8, 1992 . Human Gene Therapy.Nichols, E.K., Human Gene Therapy , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1988) PP 1-251.

The Different Factors Affecting Students Academic Performance Education Essay

In this chapter, the search worker reviews several facets of the books environing factors partakeing learners prepareman unexclusive presentment. First, the blood that exists between factors and schoolchilds donnish commonplace presentation, which is the footing of this see, is examined. This is followed by a reappraisal of past surveies pertinent to the query and a elaborate account of the conceptual models that underlie the stick with. It is hoped that on outcome of the undertaking, few penetrations may be gained into the job from a planetary position.IntroductionMost savants acquiring into MBBS plan produce a good academician path record upon innovation into the aesculapian school. In Malayan medical school it is observed that each twelvemonth about 10-15 % of students assimi upstart trouble in finishing their medical split up on clipping and this is a concerned to medical pedagogues and decision makers. It is of import to cognize the grounds why there i s a pronounced alteration in their academic once they come to professional secerns particularly medicine. Clearly, there are legion cognitive and non-cognitive factors that puzzle a much stronger influence on medical scholars academic humanity presentation. Identifying the factors associated with scholarly persons academic common presentation or academic exercise in the medical class allow en fitting the medical pedagogues, running of study contriver and policy marker to put up punt systems to assist them execute check.Many surveies are carried out to research factors impacting bookmans academic globe presentation or effect. All of the research reviews back up the shot that pupils public presentation in the medical programme depend on distinguish suitable socio-economic and psychological factors ( Syed Tahir Hijazi & A Raza Naqri, 2006 ) . Medical pupils are chief assets of the medical schools or colleges. In position of that, the pupils academic public presenta tion and accomplishment dramas an of import maneuver in bring forthing the best quality alumnuss who will go great leader and work force for the state therefore responsible for the states economic and societal development. The public presentation of pupils in universities should be a concern non merely to the decision makers and pedagogues, but besides to corporations in the labor market.Literature come withdraw on Factors poignant Students PerformanceUp to day of the month many surveies brace been developed refering the factors influence pupils public presentation such(prenominal) as demographic, active agent learning, pupil attending, extracurricular activities, and equals influence and class appraisal. A reappraisal of the literature have headd that pupil attitudes toward surveil, survey wonts and strategic acquirement, pupil psychological features, larning manner, house get conceal of background, instructors function and many others are closely colligate to pupils academic public presentation ( Eccles & A Wigfield, 1985 Eccles & A Harold, 1993 Hanson, 1994, Ali et al.,2009 ) . Gough and Hall ( 1964 ) mentioned that anticipation of pupil public presentation in the medical school can be made by mean of the California Psychological Inventory ( CPI ) and this is supported by Tutton survey in 1993. Other instruments such as Eysenek temper Inventory or the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory greatly enhanced the anticipation of pupils public presentation in the medical school ( Roesslet, et al. , 1978 Lipton et al. , 1984 Weiss, 1988 ) .In this survey the literature hunt for factors impacting pupils academic public presentation will be concentrated on pupil s features, advance s features, teacher s features and college factors.Student s characteristic and academic public presentationWhat are the cardinal factors that promote academic achiever among pupils whose single features place them at high hazard of trouble in the medical programme? Much research in recent old ages has focused on placing the cardinal factors in the pupil features that promotes academic success. Qualities such as psychological demands and societal accomplishments, viz. self-efficacy, motive, attitudes and behavior, academic competence, communicating accomplishments, coaction, cooperation, and squad capablenesss are of import for the pupil in the medical programme. Students who possess these accomplishments are able to work efficaciously with others and managed their surveies expeditiously ( Lust & A Moore, 2006 ) . The medical colleges could aim these factors in developing schemes in bettering pupil skill and better their academic public presentation. Harmonizing to Womble ( 2003 ) academic competency, self-efficacy, motive, pupils attitudes and behavior, clip direction and battle in category activities are some of the factors that affect an persons academic public presentation.2.2.1.1 Academic CompetenceKleijn et Al ( 1994 ) poin ted out that academic competency is associated with pupils ability to pull off their survey burden, i.e. pupil with better academic competency would likely hold better academic public presentation. Review into the literatures has indicated that the accomplishments, attitudes, and behaviours lending to academic competency autumn into one of two spheres ( I ) Academic Skills or ( two ) Academic Enablers ( DiPerna and Elliott, 1999 ) .Academic Skills SubscalesReading/Language Humanistic disciplinesMathematicssCritical ThinkingAcademic Enablers SubscalesMotivation passage of armsStudy SkillsInterpersonal SkillsFigure 2.1 Academic Competence sit around ( DiPerna & A Elliot, 1999 )DiPernia and Elliot theoretical account ( 1999 ) stated the fol tear downsMotivation reflects a pupil s attack, continuity, and gunpoint of involvement sing academic topics.Battle reflects attending and active engagement in schoolroom activities.Study accomplishments are behaviours that facilitate the proces sing of new hinder and pickings trialsInterpersonal accomplishments include concerted acquisition behaviors necessary to interact with othersIn the survey by Demaray and Elliot ( 1998 ) it can be conclude that instructors are able in foretelling their pupils accomplishment on standardised trials such as academic competency rating graduated table and separating between pupils with low or high academic public presentation. In decision, holding a good academic competency will therefore heighten the pupils ability to pull off their survey burden and to be winning in their survey. In this survey, academic competency is defined as a multidimensional concept composed of the accomplishments, attitudes, and behaviors of the pupil that contribute to academic success in the category.Student s attitudes toward surveyMost cognitive theoreticians and research workers have acknowledged that hapless academic self-concept, low self-pride, negative attitudes toward survey, or absurd perceptual ex periences of pupils may be associated with hapless academic public presentation ( van der Veer & A Valsiner, 1991 ) . In another survey by Syed Tahir Hijaz and Raza Naqri ( 2006 ) , they prime that attitude towards survey has a primary(prenominal) influence on interrogation public presentation and therefore confirmed the earlier findings by new ramble der Veer and Valsinere ( 1991 ) .Battle in larning There is significant grounds that battle in medical school or college is of import in advancing pupil success and acquisition and that a figure of factors in the college environment foster high full points of battle. Student battle can be defined as the period of engagement and intrinsic involvement that a pupil shows in college ( Newmann, 1992 ) . Battle in college involves both behaviors ( such as continuity, attempt, attending ) and attitudes ( such as motive, convinced(p) acquisition values, involvement, and pride in success ) ( Connell & A Wellborn, 1991 ) . Connell and Wellborn indicates that engaged pupils seek out activities, indoors and outside the schoolroom, that lead to success and this has been supported by Dowson and McInerney ( 2001 ) . It has been showed that the occupied pupils learn more(prenominal), retain more, and bask larning activities more than pupils who are non engaged and they are the most successful ( Kirsch et al, 2002 ) . Many school-level surveies have identified higher degrees of pupil battle as of import forecasters of tonss on the pupils academic public presentation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the more the pupil engaged in larning the more successful they will be in their academic.Class attending and academic public presentation Class attending is believed to hold positive relationship with pupils academic public presentation. It was expected that high absentees from the category would hold a negative consequence on the pupil s academic classs and would diminish their scrutiny tonss and classs. Many researc h workers recognized that category attending is an of import facet in bettering pupil s public presentation. A survey conducted by Collett et al. , 2007 Stanca, 2006 Chow, 2003 Rodgers, 2001 Durden and Ellis, 1995 Romer 1993, found that attending have little, but statistically important, consequence on pupil public presentation. Marburger ( 2001 ) concluded that pupils who missed category were significantly more likely to react falsely to inquiries associating to poppycock covered that twenty-four hours than were pupils who were present. Moore ( 2006 ) indicated that category attending enhances larning on norm, pupils who came to the most categories made the highest classs, despite the fact that they received no points for coming to category. Arulampalam et Al. ( 2007 ) found that there is a causal consequence of absence on public presentation for pupils losing category leads to poorer public presentation. On the other manus, Martins and Walker ( 2006 ) mentioned that there a re no important effects from category attending. This is besides supported by Park and Kerr ( 1990 ) and Schmidt ( 1993 ) who found an opposite relationship between pupils attending and their class classs. Jennjou Chen ( 2006 ) , in his survey Class attending and exam public presentation A randomised experiment , found that category attending has produced a positive and important impact on pupils test public presentation. His consequence revealed that, on norm, go toing talk corresponds to a 7.66 % advance in exam public presentation. Most universities has taken into real consideration respect per centum of category attending and hence imposed a policy of excluding the pupil from scrutiny when the per centum of the attending is less than 80 % .Self-efficacy and motiveSelf-efficacy is how people aspect about themselves and how much they like themselves, particularly socially and academically when it comes to college pupils. Through the many force per building block areas and dashing duties of being a pupil, one learns and understands the magnificence of holding a high self-efficacy in college. Having one s academic accomplishment meet one s academic out get a lines and desires is a major winder to most college pupils self-efficacy. Having a high self-efficacy has many positive effects and benefits, particularly among college pupils. Students who feel positive about themselves succumb less easy to force per unit areas of conformance by equals, are more relentless at hard undertakings, are happier and more sociable, and most pertinent to this survey is that they tend to execute better academically.On the other manus, college pupils with a low self-efficacy tend to be unhappy, less sociable and are more vulnerable to depression, which are all correlated with lower academic accomplishment ( Wiggins, 1994 ) . Academic accomplishment is influenced by sensed competency, venue of control, liberty, and motive ( Wiest, 1998 ) .Past research has shown that self -efficacy and academic accomplishment correlative straight to a moderate grade ( Wiggins, 1994 ) . Self-efficacy surveies are really popular for educational research and it has been shown that it beted a really of import function in academic accomplishment ( Oxford et al. , 1993 ) . During the past decennary, self-efficacy beliefs have received increasing attending in educational research, chiefly in the country of academic motive ( Pintrich & A Schunk, 1995 ) .In the face of instruction, self-efficacy is seen to hold a relationship with attempt, continuity and accomplishment. Chemers, Hu & A Garcia ( 2001 ) , in their work on mathematical job resolution, have shown that kids with higher self-efficacy strived for longer periods and used more effectual job work outing schemes than pupils with lower self-efficacy.Surveies have investigated the relationships among efficaciousness beliefs, related psychological concepts, and academic motive and accomplishment. Findingss besides supp ort Bandura s ( 1986 ) argument that efficaciousness beliefs mediate the consequence of accomplishments or other self-beliefs on subsequent public presentation by act uponing attempt, continuity, and doggedness ( Bandura & A Schunk, 1981 Lent, Brown, & A Larkin, 1984 Schunk & A Hanson, 1985 Bouffard Bouchard, 1990 ) . Berry ( 1987 ) stressed that self-efficacy enhances pupils memory public presentation by heightening continuity. In the surveies by Lent et Al ( 1984 and 1986 ) demonstrated that college pupils with high self-efficacy achieved high academic accomplishment. Research workers have established that self-efficacy is a strong forecaster of academic public presentation accomplishment ( Pintrich & A De Groot, 1990 Multon et al. , 1991 Zimmerman et al. , 1992 Pajares & A Miller, 1994 ) . Researches besides show that self-efficacy beliefs have positive effects on pupil motive and academic public presentation.Strategic Studying TechniquesStrategic analyzing technique s may assist pupils accomplish a higher mark in the scrutiny. Strategic analyzing is defined as the cognition and application of effectual survey accomplishments or techniques by the pupils ( Kleijn et al, 1994 ) . There are many efficient survey techniques that could be used by pupils based on the acquisition environment ( Alvermann, 1991 and Ogle, 1986 ) . These survey schemes include Know-Want-Learn ( K-W-L ) , Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review ( SQ3R ) , sum uping and note-taking, utilizing artworks, and self-questioning. Extensive class tonss and the comprehensive information covered in today s medical course of study necessitate the usage of effectual survey schemes for academic success ( Lay, 1993 ) .Active acquisition has received notably attending over the past several old ages. In the context of the college schoolroom, active larning involves pupils in making things and believing about the things they are making ( Bonwell & A Eison, 1991 ) . In the medical programme acti ve acquisition involves the pupils to work out jobs, answer inquiries, formulate inquiries of their ain, discuss, explain, argument, or insight during category. Bonwell and Eison ( 1991 ) concluded that active larning leads to better pupil attitudes and betterments in pupils thought and authorship. A survey by Wilke ( 2003 ) besides indicated pupils in both the intervention and control groups demonstrated a positive attitude toward active acquisition, believed it helped ( or would assist ) pupils to larn the stuff. Felder et Al. ( 2000 ) recommended that active acquisition is one of the acquisition scheme methods that work. In add-on, Felder and Brent ( 2003 ) mentioned that every bit small as fin proceedingss of active acquisition in a 50-minute category session can bring forth a major encouragement in larning. Harmonizing to them, active acquisition aftermaths pupils up. However, DeLong s ( 2008 ) survey did non back up the hypothesis that active acquisition based learning metho ds will impact positive alteration on pupil public presentation as measured by class concluding class and non-intellectual acquisition factors as measured by the TRAC-R ( Test of Reactions and Adaptations to College-Revised ) , an overall yard of college accommodation. He found that factors such as professor-student resonance and professor apprehension of non-intellectual factors may hold influenced the current consequences.Another factor associated with strategic analyzing technique is clip direction accomplishment. Time direction accomplishments are besides of import to academic success. Time direction accomplishments include activities realizeed by pupils such as planning in progress, prioritising work, trial readying, and following agendas ( Kirscenabaum & A Perri, 1982 ) . Balancing clip direction and survey techniques may accomplish higher academic public presentation efficaciously ( Entwistle & A Ramsden, 1983 Powell, 2004 ) . Syed Tahir Hijazi and Raza Naqri ( 2006 ) in their survey found that attitude towards clip allotment for survey has a important influence on scrutiny public presentation, i.e. the longer duration of clip allotment in surveies improved the public presentation mark.Learning manner One of the statements often put frontward to explicate why some pupils do non make every bit good in their academic is because they do non cognize how to analyze. Ramsden and Entwistle ( 1981 ) have shown that following right acquisition manners do influence good accomplishment in scrutiny. Learning manner predict public presentation in medical school ( McManus et al, 1998 ) . Heidi and Stephen ( 2006 ) mentioned that medical pupils do hold different methods of larning manners and following this learning manner as one of the methods of strategic analyzing will act upon their academic public presentation. Therefore, Blackmore ( 1996 ) suggested that it is of import for pedagogues to develop suspend acquisition attacks for the pupils and to promote t hem to follow this preferable acquisition manner as their strategic analyzing techniques.Family featuresFamily background factors such as the educational degree of the parent, household income or fiscal, parent support and educational outlook seem to exercise some influence on pupil s academic accomplishment and this has been supported by several yesteryear and recent surveies ( Hossler & A Stage, 1992 Eccles & A Harold, 1993 Beyer, 1995 Paulson, 1996 Hossler et al. , 1999 Checchi, 2000 Ermisch & A Francesconi, 2001 Agus & A Makhbul, 2006 ) .The relationships of parent degree of instruction, parent educational outlook for their kids, parental engagement and support and pupils accomplishment are proposed by the Chen s Model of household influence s on pupil academic accomplishment ( Chen, 1995 ) .Table 2.1 A Proposed Model of Family Influences on Students Academic Performance Achievement( Adapted from Chen ( 1995 )Family FactorsChildren s ResultsParent supportBooks at pl aceFacilities such as computing machineeducational outlooksAttitudes toward medical instructionAssurance in surveyAcademic accomplishment.Parent outlooks and engagementParental instructionEducational outlooksAttitudes toward medical instructionEngagementThe literature reappraisal will look into the influence of these household factors on the pupils public presentation in deepness.Influence of parent s instruction degree on pupil s academic public presentationIn the earlier surveies, Hossler and Stage ( 1992 ) and Beyer ( 1995 ) indicated that there is a positive relationship between the parent s educational degree and their kids success in their academic. In an extension to the earlier survey, Ermisch and Francesconi ( 2001 ) found an interesting aspiration in their survey where there is important gradient between each parent s instruction degree and their kid s educational accomplishment. From Ermisch and Rrancesconi study it can be concluded that female parent s instruction has a stronger association with her kid s educational accomplishment than the instruction of the male parent. This consequence is supported by Agus and Makhbul ( 2002 ) . In another survey by Syed Tahir Hijazi and Raza Naqri ( 2006 ) they indicate that the degree of instruction of female parent has been found to exercise the strongest influence on academic accomplishment as compared to degree of instruction of male parent. Mothers educational degree is chosen because literatures suggest that female parent s degree of instruction is a stronger forecaster of kids s larning results ( PISA, 2000 ) . Studies has besides shown that pupils whose female parents have holy third instruction performed even better in their academic than hose whose female parents have completed secondary instruction degree. From the literature hunt on the impact of parent s instruction degree on pupil s public presentation female parent s instruction degree is a strongest forecaster factor and it was assumed that educated female parents can assist their kids to better and maintain proper cheque on their activities. This survey is undertaken to look into the influence of the parent s degree of instruction on the pupil s public presentation within the Malayan context.Family income and pupil s academic public presentationThe United States Department of Education ( 2000 ) found in a survey that the relationship between household income and pupil s public presentation is non simple and direct. Johnson ( 1996 ) opined that low income of parent is a major hindrance to academic success and development on the portion of the pupils. This is because poorness or low income of parents has pliant effects on their kids academic plants as they lack adequate resources and financess to patronize their educational demands and this leads to hapless public presentation of their kids.An probe conducted by Agus and Makhbul ( 2002 ) indicated that pupils from households of higher income degrees perform better in t heir academic public presentation as compared to those who come from households of lower income brackets. Checchi ( 2000 ) besides concluded household income provides an inducement for better pupil public presentation richer parents internalise this affect by puting more resources in the instruction of their kids. Once the investing is undertaken, the pupil fulfill parents outlooks by perform better in their surveies. Based on the research done by him, he demonstrated that kids from richer households perform better than those from poorer households. On the other manus, Syed Tahir Hijazi and Raza Naqvi ( 2006 ) found that there is negative relationship between pupil public presentation and pupil household income. Research done by Beblo and Lauer ( 2004 ) besides found that parents income and their labor market position have a weak impact on kids s instruction. With these conflicting findings the inquiry to be answered is Do household income is an issue to pupils accomplishment in academic? To research the correlativity between household income and pupils academic public presentation the intent of this survey is to prove the hypothesis that household fiscal position is associated with the academic public presentation of a medical pupil in the Malaysia.Parent engagement, educational outlook and supportOther household factors that may act upon pupils academic accomplishment are parental engagement, educational outlook and support ( Paulson, 1996 ) . Harmonizing to Eccles and Harold ( 1993 ) active engagement from the parents in their kids instruction plays a critical function in the pupil s academic accomplishment and success. Eccles and Harold determination is supported by the surveies from Beyer ( 1995 ) and Paulson and Marchant ( 1998 ) .Involving parents in the instruction of their kids straight affects pupil accomplishment in school, college and university. It has been shown that affecting parents in the instruction of their kids helps to step-up the pupil s accomplishment and self-pride.Fehrmann et Al ( 1987 ) examines the effects of parental engagement on a larger sample of high school pupils and formulated that the more intensively parents are heterogeneous in their kids education the more good are the achievement effects. This finding holds true for all types of types and ages of pupils and is supported by the survey of Henderson ( 1987 ) . All research surveies, which contend these countries, found that parent engagement has positive effects on pupil attitudes and behavior ( Sattes, 1985 Ferhrman et al. , 1978 Henderson, 1987 ) .The pupils perceptual experience of parent educational outlook and support for acquisition has a strong impact on their accomplishment ( Mau & A Bikos, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to Beyer ( 1995 ) parent s educational aspirations for and outlooks of their kids s academic public presentation positively correlates with the kids s classs, educational aspirations, motive. Beyer farther indicated that th ese parental factors encourage self-esteem and actuate the pupils to execute good in their academic. In drumhead, most of the surveies reviewed indicate that pupils from households with high outlooks and support would hold higher academic accomplishments.Teachers outlook and supportThe outlooks instructors have for their pupils and the premises they make about their possible have a touchable consequence on pupil accomplishment. Since the late 1960 s research workers have been concerned with the influence of instructor outlooks on pupil public presentation. Study by Bamburg ( 1994 ) clearly establishes that instructor outlooks do play a important function in finding how good and how much do pupils larn. Students tend to internalise the beliefs instructor have about their ability. This is supported by Raffini ( 1993 ) who clearly stated that when instructors believe in pupils, the pupils believe in themselves and this understanding between pupils and instructors is a important subscr iber for the pupil success in their academic accomplishment. There is a inclination for instructors to acquire what they expect from their pupils. This happens because instructors have ( frequently unconscious ) inclinations to handle pupils otherwise based on how likely they think it is that pupils will be successful. Conversely, when pupils are viewed as lacking in ability or motive and are non expected to do important advancement, they tend to follow this perceptual experience of themselves ( Gonder, 1991 ) . Omatoni and Omatoni ( 1996 ) make a point that holding high outlook does non as if by magic equalize pupils innate abilities and larning rates. Therefore, instructors were advised to routinely see attitudes, beliefs, outlook to the extent that they treat their pupils as if they already are eager scholar and these instructors features will promote the pupil to go more eager scholars. This survey will look into instructor anticipation effects on the academic accomplishment of medical pupils.Factors in the college environment that support pupils academic public presentationQuaglia and Perry ( 1996 ) and Wilson ( 1992 ) have investigated the significance of the school or college environment on the pupils academic public presentation. It has been documented that factors in the school or college environment may impede or back up pupil s development and academic success ( Esposito, 1999 Goodenow, 1993 Mouton & A Hawkins, 1996 ) .Peer relationshipAssorted surveies had been done and found that equals influence does hold impact on pupil public presentation ( Hanushek et. Al, 2002 Goethals, 2001 Gonzales et. al. , 1996 ) and besides been shown that equal influence has more powerful effects. Peer support was positively related to pupils scrutiny mark and class. Wilkinson and Fung ( 2002 ) in their survey concluded that by grouping pupils in heterogenous larning ability ( low ability pupils grouped with high ability pupils ) will demo an betterment in la rning procedure and outcomes. This determination can be argued tap top pupils can positively impact less able pupils by supplying an attend and mentoring. In another survey, Schindler ( 2003 ) found that blending abilities will impact weak pupils positively nevertheless the consequence for good pupils is negative. Schindler determination is beliing with Goethals ( 2001 ) survey, who found that pupils in self-coloured group ( irrespective of high ability or low ability ) perform better than pupils in heterogenous group. Supporting the findings from Fung ( 2002 ) and Schindler ( 2003 ) , Giuliodori, Lujan and DiCarlo ( 2006 ) added that equal interaction could increase pupil ability on work outing problem-solving inquiries and the equal direction will besides advance pupil s engagement and better pupil s public presentation.Challenging educational environmentResearch shows that pupils are more motivated to larn when instructors ask them to wrestle with new constructs, explain their logical thinking, defend their decisions, or explore alternate schemes and solution ( National Research Council, 1999 ) . Furthermore, pupils enjoy larning more when their instructors employ active pedagogical schemes. Meece suggested that when schoolroom direction draws on pupils pre-existing cognition and real-life experiences the acquisition session will be become more interesting and basking which consequence in the pupil learn more better and achieved better classs in scrutiny and academic ( Meece, 1991 ) . Cohen ( 1994 ) strengthen this determination that when pupils can set their caputs together instead than work in isolation they are receptive to disputing assignments which will straight heave their public presentation.Summary of Literature ReviewFactors impacting pupil s academic public presentation is an of import issue in higher instruction particularly in the medical programme. There has been extended research on the influences of cardinal factors on pupils academic public presentation. It is interesting to observe that all of the research reviews back up the hypothesis that pupils public presentation in their academic depend on different socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. A reappraisal of the literature indicated that pupils acquisition manner, household background, pupils feature, and school or college experience factors are related to pupils academic public presentation.( 4,220 words )

Overcoming Obstacles as a Teacher in the Modern Day Essay

The teaching profession has al delegacys been a exceedingly esteemed and revered occupation due to the fact that educators impart cognition into the minds of any single individual throughout the population, whether the savant decides to be a doctor, engineer, mechanic, politician or artist in adulthood, the foundation of their learning has came from a highly dedicated and resourceful educator. However, when examining this occupation in greater detail it can be observed that there are countless obstacles that impelling teachers face every day.It is common noesis that children have a short concern span and their teacher has the role of planning lessons, which engage the learner and guarantee that the lesson is one(a) that interacts with the student and encourages them to be involved. They in like manner must be apprised of different methods to implement that will see the child remembering the real and retaining the information that the teacher is presenting for the future(a) lessons. When teaching in the schoolroom, educators must be prepared when confronted with children showing ill desired and disruptive demeanors.It is the method in which the teacher reacts to these behaviours that will pave the vogue for the remainder of the year, if the teacher reacts in the correct manner and demonstrates to the child the expectations within the classroom thus it can be anticipated that the student will go out what is and isnt acceptable, a certain challenge. Attention is where learning begins and therefore attracting and upholding student attention is paramount (Curtindale, Laurie-Rose, Bennett Murphy, 2007).Attention capacity and duration is limited for every individual, this involve to be acknowledged in the classroom and strategies need to be formed to prevent students from neglecting important information in class. Learners find it particularly difficult and their attention easily shifts from one stimulus to another, ca spendd by not alone distraction s from other students but also from outside the classroom. When students find it difficult to concentrate this can negatively impact not only their own learning but also the learning of others.Therefore, teachers must control and provide an environment that engages and holds students attention whilst teaching compulsory material. Eggen (2010) states that effective teachers plan their lessons so students attend to what is being taught and ignore irrelevant stimuli. They must ensure that their lesson will be one that learners can actively be involved in and interact with, not fair submissively require students to listen to what is needing to be taught, but experience it. Teachers may employ a cast of strategies to do this, from demonstrations to discrepant events and thought provoking questions.Another fundamental approach that creates an environment of achieving ones attention is calling on students by name. This guarantees that learners are aware that the teacher will not only cal l on the class as a whole but may call on them individually, by name, resulting in a need to be attentive. Chapin, OConnor and Anderson (2009) make an interesting point however that as teachers we need to be mindful when calling on students to take part and remind them of their right to pass or ask for more time before answering in the classroom.The obligation to participate in a classroom does not equate to an obligation to give answers on demand (Chapin et al. , 2009). When teachers practice these strategies for holding their learners attention and ensure that they are apart of the teaching not just observing it, the likelihood of the students memory retaining the material is also greatly increased. Another obstacle faced by teachers in the classroom is that of their learners retaining the material taught throughout the term, from one lesson to another.If any student in the class is having difficulty remembering the previous lesson, they have a high risk of falling behindhand in their learning and development, which can then lead to troubling behaviour. There are certain aspects of memory retention that must be understood and beneficial in the classroom for students to achieve learning targets and overcome this impediment. These techniques are employed to take knowledge from a childs working memory and convert it to be stored within their long term memory, ensuring that they are then able to recall this understanding and build upon it in future lessons.Schema activation is one such(prenominal) encoding strategy that involves activating prior knowledge so that new knowledge can be connected to it (Eggen 2010). One of the most effective ways of activating a students prior knowledge is through conducting reviews of the previous lesson before embarking on the new learning material. This ensures that the students form conceptual connections between what they have already learnt in the past and the material that they are about to be taught.Another effective me thod of encoding is material organisation, where associate items of content are athered into categories that assist in illustrating the relationships between them. This can take the form of charts, models, outlines and hierarchies, which are all examples of organization systems. With the connections easily observable and the information hygienic organized, the student is then able to retrieve this knowledge more easily, as stated by Ormrod (2006, pg190), Long-term memory retrieval is the process of remembering antecedently stored information and finding it in memory.If strategies are put in place by the educator in the classroom, the students will experience a greater retention of material and a greater ease at finding stored information from past lessons, also making certain that they are less plausibly to be disruptive and display adverse demeanour, an obstacle that all teachers desire to prevent if possible. Classrooms are busy and practically hectic places in which groups o f students vary in interests and abilities must be organized and directed, in ways that maximize education and minimize disruptions.It is imperative that the teacher responsible for each class is equipped with knowledge and strategies that can be implemented when faced with undesirable behaviour from students. First and foremost, a teacher must show withitness within the classroom, they must notice the behavior of all students and respond quickly to unexpected events. The students will be much less likely to attempt negative behaviour knowing that the teacher is aware of every action and movement that occurs and the knowledge that there is a consequence, either positive or negative for every action.When faced with ill desired behaviour from a student, the teacher must first establish whether the student is going to take responsibility for their actions and if not, implement behavioral interventions either reinforcement or penalisation to ensure that the student understands that th ere are consequences for adverse behaviour. One approach that would create a rational response to the students behaviour would be to implement a negative reinforcement for example, by taking away 5 minutes of the students free art time on Friday afternoon, whilst the rest of the class, has their to the full 30 minutes.Alternatively the teacher may use their judgment and decide to implement an effective form of punishment for the student instead. This may be a simple timeout for the misbehaving child or a more severe detention during their lunch break or after class. Regardless of the tactic that the teacher decides to use with this misbehaving student, once the student understands that there are consequences for poor behaviour, the probability of this behaviour continuing is scarce.Children that act in this manner and misbehave in class often look to their role model for discipline and in galore(postnominal) situations their teacher may be their only adult role model in their ac tion and therefore it is imperative that these situations are handled appropriately. In conclusion, it can be observed that there are many challenges that a teacher must overcome in their normal day-to-day occupation, with a majority of them that go unseen to the general public.Initially they must obtain the students attention and curiosity and then maintain it throughout the class, whilst having lessons planned around engaging the students and allowing them to experience what is being taught. They then must ensure that the pupil is being taught in a way that will ensure their long term memory to guarantee that they will remember the material and therefore build upon it in future lessons.Teachers must also be equipped with strategies and techniques to overcome ill desired behaviour from students in a way that creates an understanding of the expectations and classroom rules. Fortunately there are many teachers and educators that have gone before and paved the way for the future gradu ates, they have been willing to share their ideas, examples and methodology in regards to what they have found that has been successful and what has not.Techniques such as calling students by name to gain their attention, organizing new learning material in such a way that makes it easier for the students to retrieve it from their memory and implementing reinforcements in place of harsh punishment for students that are testing the boundaries within the classroom. This knowledge and experience from other mentors in the industry guarantees that the classroom of the future is not only a brighter place to be but also a well informed one.

The Challenges of Fair Trade

Historically, drinking chocolate cultivation had brought a positive influence in developing countries to alleviate rural poverty. Paige (1997) and Williams (1994) also claimed that deep brown cultivation had enabled households to develop their land holdings in sustainable, high return activity, and gainfully employ their family labor (as cited in Barham, Gitter, Lewis & Weber, 2011, p. 116). However, the global deep brown market has fallen into crisis in recent years.A research conducted by Murray, Raynold and Taylor (2003), with a large decline in the cocoa employment, many rural households remove been forced to abandon handed-down factory farm and adopt new livelihoods. Meanwhile, small scale but growing number of java farmers have participated in charming grapple to try to live on such crisis. But, according to the research published recently, plum spate cocoa may not only fail to bring the rural poor break in life, it may impoverish them.This claim is supported by unbalanced hurt premium, limited Fair concern coffee market and lack of Fair Trade acquaintance by households. The higher sale price in Fair Trade coffee comparing to the conventional coffee is claimed to be the most assume benefit to individual rural farmers who participate in Fair Trade. As indicated by Barham et al. (2010), Fair Trade coffee growers receive an norm US $344 in net cash income per hectare compared with US $192 for conventional growers (p. 120).Yet such premium price provided by the Fair Trade does not cover the cost to start out certified coffee for rural farmers. Weber (2011) states that if the coffee growers want to sell their products through Fair Trade, first they have to be certified (p. 109). Fair Trade Foundation requires coffee growers to pay high assay-mark fees which the bulk of Third World farmers are too poor to afford. In such cases, these growers are probable try to receive Fair Trade certification through cooperatives, but are required to sh are their net profit with cooperatives.For example, from the article What Price for easily Coffee? by Fieser and Padgett (2009) , Antonio, a coffee baffler in Guatemala, receives 1. 55 dollars per pound of organic coffee sold through Fair Trade, approximately 10 percent more than the conventional market price. However, Antonio only receives less than 50 cents per pound after he pays Fair Trade cooperative fees, government taxes, farming expenses, and other costs (Fieser and Padgett, 2009, p. 98).This shows Fair Trade farmers often lose out on the premium price that can be fetched by certified coffee. Fair Trade is filled with contradictions. Even if the cooperatives and organizations are willing to lower the certification fees, the net cash income for growers participating in Fair Trade market is sedate not enough to cover the cost to produce certified coffee, by the fact that not all the high cost Fair Trade-organic certified coffee are sold at Fair Trade-organic certified coffe e price.While Fair Trade coffee being organic is not a necessity for selling in Fair Trade market, most farmers that participate in cooperatives are expected to go across into organic coffee products and pass the organic certification (Weber, 2011, p. 110). However becoming organic certified requires a transition period. Weber (2011) claims it takes 3 years for growers to complete the transition into organic certification where they have to comprise organic norms but unable to sell their coffee as organic (p. 111). This implies a significant delay between the time of the cost and when coffee starts take back a return.Such scenario above affects the net cash income received from Fair Trade households. Though some Fair Trade households do not transit themselves into organic certified coffee, the fact that most coffee grown by Fair Trade rank and file households is sold in the conventional markets is still authoritative due to the lack of Fair Trade markets. Even though coffee is the second highest traded commodity, the market of Fair Trade coffee is relatively small with average 2. 5 % of the global coffee trade (Fieser and Padgett, 2009, p. 99). Barham et al. 2010) state that Fair Trade has limited the supply of coffee that labeled with certificated to keep the Fair Trade-organic coffee price up in the market. Therefore, even though the growers produce their coffee in a high cost Fair Trade-organic certification standards, they may have to sell their certified coffee to the markets that do not give the value of certification once Fair Trade refused their products (p. 122). Going through the effort to produce Fair Trade standards coffee, the farmers are not reaping the rewards they should have obtained.Also, with the lack of a consumer market but continually growing coffee producing households populations, Weber (2010) claims that it leads the cooperatives to increase their membership without expanding the market which results in lower premium for each hou sehold member (p. 113). The benefit to Fair Trade sales including price premiums, social premiums, long-term contracts, and low-interest point of reference are significantly reduced as less coffee is sold in Fair Trade markets (Murrary, 2003, p. 16). As a result, the limited and slow process in the Fair Trade market has become one of the major concerns confronting Fair Trade production.Unconstrained market is the pick up to maximum returns knowledge is the key ingredient to develop a more democratic institution. Yet households of coffee growers are facing the lack of clear knowledge for Fair Trade. Fair Trade is an indistinct concept to coffee growers comparing to coffee growing which appears in their daily farming livelihoods. Murrary et al. (2003) claim that coffee growers have not received steadfast and detailed training about information on Fair Trade, and have no contact with Fair Trade representatives but the cooperatives and the technical advisers (p. 6). Even more, major ity of coffee growers identify Fair Trade with the cooperative. Such misinterpretation, leads some cooperatives to not tout the benefits coffee growers should gain as Fair Trade certification benefits (pp. 16 17). Since cooperatives and the technical advisers deal directly with the Fair Trade certification, buyers, and others coffee growers simply have no control over their products compare to other coffee enthronisation patterns. For example, the Thrives system mentioned by LaPorte (2013) in his article.Mr. Lander, an entrepreneur based in Atlanta, created the company named Thrive Farmers Coffee assisted coffee growers to increase their ownership and profit margins by splitting half of proceeds with farmers and by establishing relationships between farmers and local coffee co-ops. Mr. Lander also states that organizations like Thrive are trying to teach these growers the basic knowledge of risk and quality because now they see their products selling to their ultimate consumers (p . 106).If coffee growers can understand the way to keep risk and way to improve coffee quality, these growers will most likely sell more coffee overall. In conclusion, Fair Trade is not the answer to solve poverty. The system offers limited price improvement to very few primary households, while neglecting the poorest of poor in the sector. With farmers lack of understanding of the structure and operation, Fair Trade can easily prevent the poor from liberating themselves, keep them in their land and restrain their future.And lastly, by raising Fair Trade coffee price for the consumer, it slows down the growth of global Fair Trade economy and limits the market from certain group. Overall, there are benefits to the small-scale farmers from Fair Trade movement, but the benefits are practically insufficient compared with other enthronement patterns. It is nothing but a short-term diversion. If the Fair Trade is unable to put forward a plan for improving their current rate of returns, coffee growers are unlikely to lift themselves out of their poverty through Fair Trade. And, perhaps the only fair choice is to support free trade.ReferencesAbad-Vergara, Diane. (Director, Produce). (2009). Living with coffee Documentary. New Zealand. Barham, B. L., Callenes, M., Gitter, S., Lewis, J., Weber, J. (2011). Fair trade/organic coffee, rural livelihoods, and the Agrarian Question Southern Mexican coffee families in transition. World Development, 39(1), 134-145. Fieser, E., Padgett, T. (2009). What price good coffee? Time International, 171(13) 90-91. La porte, N. (2013, March 16). Coffees economics, rewritten by farmers. New York Times. Retrieved 5/20/13 fromhttp//www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/business/coffees-economics-rewritten-by-farmers.html Murray, D. L., Raynolds, L. T., Taylor, P.L. (2003). One cup at a time poverty alleviation and fair trade coffee in Latin America. Fair Trade Research Group, Colorado State University. Weber, J. G. (2011). How much more do grower s receive for Fair Trade-organic coffee? Food Policy, 36(5), 678-685

Creative Title: Critical Analogist

In The Yellow Wallpaper, various factors fostered a sense of isolation in the protagonists psyche, which eventually drove her into insanity. The Narrator experiences isolation in numerous slipway that include intellectual isolation, physical isolation, and emotional isolation, and each brings The Narrator closer the deterioration of her sanity. Charlotte Perkins Gilmans character backside, and his behavior, explain why the corrosion of The Narrators health took place.Johns insistence on remaining at the isolated home, his inability to accept the opinion of The Narrator and his belief in his cognition as a physician leaves the Narrator feeling shut out from society, triggering her insanity. The Yellow Wallpaper portrayed life in the ____, where men had complete liberty over the opposite conjure up deeming the opinions and emotions felt by females insignificant. This allowed men complete control over the social and personal aspects of life, including matters such as womens health, friendships, and sex life. but John would not hear of it(75), is implied throughout the entire story. All her opinions about her own health, what she concluded would assist her to overcome her sickness, all discarded without a second thought. This intellectual isolation rapidly deteriorates the emotional connection to her husband and quickly causes tension between the couple. Better in body perhaps- I began, and stop short, for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word(82).John cannot comprehend that The Narrator would understand her body more so than a scholar with a degree in medicine. Nancy Woloclh explained in her document Women and the American Experience, the likelihood of a proficient physician at that time period, The professionalization of medicine did not ensure its competencenot only were well-trained doctors unlikely to be very effective, but few were well trained,(Woloclh 199677). Although we do not have k nowledge if John was such a doctor, we can only suspect from what The Narrator denotative in her ournals journals filled with comments like, John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious (76) and John is kept in town ever a great deal by serious cases (79) suggests that John was having an affair and not actually staying out late like a professional of medicine would. The intellectual isolation experience by the Narrator, as her thoughts and feelings about her health are ignored, the emotional intimacy and connection felt between husband and wife is diluted.John, being a male, is fitted to seek intimacy through other women, while The Narrator cannot seek out any because of her isolation from society. The Narrators physical isolation is excess factor that allows insanity to enter her mind. Living miles away from society, she is denied the social interaction needed for females. Her bed is nailed down,(79), her windows are barred for little children(76). Sev eral times she try to get John to permit her to visit

WHAP Semester Review

The Foundations of Christian lodge in Western atomic number 63 Chapter 16 a. Examine the invasions that plagued Europe after the fall of Rome. How WA s Europe influenced by these migrations? Why did Charlemagne appoint officials known as the miss Dominic Miss Dominic envoys of The Lord ruler. They traveled every(prenominal) year to local jurist dictions and reviewed the accounts of local authorities Compare the berth that Christianity played in Western Europe to the role played d by Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism in creating political and social unity in the postvocalic world. Discuss the life of a serf living on a manor in aboriginal medieval Europe.What coo hoar the serfs expect from the nobleman? What opportunities did the serf have? Serfs semi free individuals which owed obligations to the Lords (cultivated terra firmas) Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Interchange sufficient 17 Examine the role of genesis Khan played in the expansion of the Mongol MME ire. What were the founda tions of his success? What was his legacy? First great leader of Mongol empire. Uses cavalry/ horses to surprise the foeman Describe the political and economic structures of the Mongol Empire under t e Khans No government, economic or social structure put in place.Khans use an indri etc rule. Tribe leaders report to the Khans. Examine the military campaigns of Kabuki Khan and how they impingemented the Mongol Empire Tried to conquer Southeast Asia. Grandson of Genesis Khan. Western Europe during the High Middle Chapters 19 Examine the origins and growth of the Holy Roman Empire. What were its strengths and its main limitations? Otto becomes emperor in 962 CE. Ongoing departure between the popes, meme Ross and the papacy (part of the pope). Both made large claims to the authority of Chris titan Europe.Examine the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarous and describe e his relationship with the Catholic church. Frederick Barbarous (also known as the red beard has conflicts with the pop pep. He wanted to control Lombardy (N. Italy). Combine Lombardy with his German h loading which would lead to dwarf Europe in one big state. Describe the political structure of Italy. (10001500 c. E. ) Cityscapes, Florence, Venice, Bologna, Genoa, Milan. These states were wealth y and dominated Urban districts. Examine the Norman invasion and excuse why it was so successful. 66, William the Conqueror takes over England on Christmas Day European Exploration Appurtenances 22 (joss) Why did dad Gamma sail to Calicle in 1498? He carried letters of introduction from the king of Portugal as well as cargo sees of gold, pearls, wool textiles, bronze ware, iron tools, and other goods that he hoped t o deputize for pepper and spices in India. He set up a trading post. Cinnamon and pepper How were the Lusitanian able to dominate trade with Asia? What food pr ducts were very important to them?Important crops included Indian pepper, cloves, and nutmeg. Why did the Portuguese forc e merchandiser ships to pay duties? O control trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to call at girdified trading g sites and pay duties What was the astrolabe used for? The astrolabe was a simplified version of an instrument used by Greek and Persian astronomers to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or the p ole star above the horizon. European Exploration Sheepshearers 22 How were the Spanish able to conquer the Philippines?What religion were the eye trying to spread? Spanish were able to conquer the Philippines because they had no central go Vermont, there was no nonionised opposite to the intrusion. The Spanish were trying t o spread Roman universality What city was the bone marrow of Spanish commercial activity in Asia The city that was the center of Spanish commercial activity in Asia was Manila What did the Columbian Exchange lead to regarding the populations of Europe e and the Americas? The Columbian Exchange lead to a shine in population in the A mericas an d an increase in Europe. Overall increase in the World) Smallpox decreases popular Zion and more food products increases European population. European Exploration British a. Describe Captain James stools travels and the hardships he pen upured. Captain James Cook traveled to the pacific islands. He died in in a scuffle with the indigenous people Of Hawaii. He charted eastern Australia, modernistic Zealand, and added new Caledonia, vaunt, Hawaii to European maps was his greatest accomplish hymen. It is also notable that he probed the quick-frozen waters of the arctic waters. B.Examine the Seven Years War. What started this conflict? Who won and w hat were the longer consequences of this victory? (Chapters 22/23) The Seven Years War was a global conflict that took place in several geography which theaters including Europe, India, The Caribbean, and The Americas. This war was caused by the thirst of establishing markets and monopolies by European expo lowers. At the end of the war other countries were leftfield in shambles as Britain stood victor rigorous and was foreseen as one of the greatest empires of that time period.Transformation of Europe Chapter 23 a. Examine the career of Martin Luther. What were the foundations of his Reformation? What swarm him to write the Initiative Theses Martin Luther taught that salvation in heaven is not earned by good deeds buy received only as a free gift of gods grace. His theology challenged the authority y of the Pope. Wanted to translate the Bible from Latin to other languages so that the common man could read it. B. inform John Callings role regarding the Reformation? Describe the Importance of his book, Institutes of the Christian religion. E was a French lawyer who converted to Protestant Christianity in the sass, slipped across France (suppressed Protestants) to Switzerland organized a Protestant community and worked with local officials to impose a strict code of morality and discipline on the city his influential treatise Institutes of the Christian Religion (published 1536) and it governanceatized protestant te hurts and presented the as together (Influential) Geneva (city), was a protestant community model, his ml colorless were most active in France, also ventured to Germany, low countries, England Scotland, and Hungary churches were establish in these lands and worked reform for Protestant reformation most successful= Netherlands and Scotland d c.Examine the Council of Trend and explain its impact on the Reformation oft he Church The Council of Trend was an assembly of bishops, cardinals, and other high chi arch officials who met intermittently between 1 545 and 1 563 to address matters of doctrine and reform. The Council defined the elements of the Roman Catholic Church t hello in detail, as well as acknowledge the abuses that the Roman Catholic Church did the council took steps to reform the Church. The Council demanded that church a authorities observe strict standar ds of morality, and it required them to establish schools and seminaries in their districts to prepare priests properly for their roles. D.After the Roman Empire crumbles, how did the Catholic Church unify Europe Catholicism had spread and remained dominant over much of the Roman E mles lifespan. After the empire falls, in those times of uncertainty, people were sea aching for something to provide continuity and authority. Although people no longer bell engorged to the Roman Empire, they could still belong to the Catholic Church. E. Explain why Gigantic Loyola created the Society of Jesus. To extend the boundaries of the reformed Roman church, an offensive society f. Describe the key policies pursued by Louis XIV of France regarding the army , the economy, and the palace at Versailles. E promote court officials and prominent nobles to live at court, where his staff could keep an eye on them, Louis and his ministers ran the state from Versailles, the eye put out saws and controlled a massive stand army that kept order throughout the and they also promoted economic development by supporting the establishment of new industries, building roads and canals, abolishing internal tariffs, and back up inning exports they waged a series Of wars designed to enlarge French boundaries and estate sis France as the preeminent power in Europe g. What were the consequences of the Peace of Westphalia? (23) The end of the seven years war Transformation of Europe Scientific Revolutionaries 23 a. Examine the careers of Galileo Galilee and explain his impact during the Scientific Revolution.Galileo showed that the heavens were not perfect, unblemished ground in which h the Ptolemaic astronomers believed, but rather a world of change, flux, and many unsuspected sights. He took the telescope and turned it towards the sky, which h allowed him to see sight on the sun, and mountains on the months discredited the t hero that the heavenly bodies were smooth and perfectly spherical. He also noticed off r moons In the major planet Jupiter and caught sight Of distant Stars, which implied that the nun verse was much larger than anyone expected. He also contributed in understanding tear astral motion. He had experiments that showed velocity of a falling object doesnt m tater on weight, but rather the height from which they fall. B. Describe the importance of Newtons theory of universal gravitation. Jugulate the motions of bodies throughout the universe, he offered detailed mathematical explanations of the laws that govern movements of bodies on t he earth this allowed him to work on the sciences Of astronomy and mechanics, also a Lowed him to explain a vast ply of unrelated phenomena (flow of the tides gravitation al pull of moon and orbits of planets reflect the gravitational influence of the sun earth and other evenly bodies) served as the unquestioned role model for the physical ice once until the twentieth century c. Why were the wee discoveries of the Scientif ic Revolution met with such resistance? In what ways did these discoveries destroy an old worldview and create a new one?The Scientific Revolution met with resistance from Ptolemaic scientists which scorned at the new discoveries made in the Scientific Revolution. With this tip over it was hard for the revolution to gain much follow in the beginning, but later due to its accuracy icy, it destroyed the old worldview and created a new one. For example, Ptolemaic s nineties believed that the planets revolved around the Earth, but scientist Nicholas Co uppercuts claimed the planets orbit around the sun and the claim was supported with d ATA New Worlds The Americas and Contraceptive 24 A. Examine the immediate impact of the Spanish arrival in the Americas. (Focus s on diseases) How did the encomia system work? What does the term messiest refer to?Spanish established the fort of Santos Domingo, capital of Spanish Caribbean, originally wanted to build forts and trading posts, no Silks and spice sees in Caribbean diseases. Like smallpox hit hard = demographic decline, the encompasses yester launched vulturous parties to kidnap and enslave taints and other pep piles, first attempted to support their society by mining gold, recruitment of Taints I abort came through institutions encomia system gave Spanish settlers the right to co impel Taints to work in their mines or fields, in return for labor, Spanish looked eve r workers health and welfare and to promote their conversion to Christianity. Cities a person combined Of native American and European descent B. Describe the relationship between Herman Cortes and the Aztec. Herman Cortes was a part of the conquest for Mexico (gold), they seized the e proper In Ethnocentric, they were driven away from the capital, Cortes sided the capital and in 1521 they stared the city into surrender, they basically fighter them very agar excessively and the Aztec resisted, Spanish had more weapons and horses though ask C. Why did the conquistadors not welcome Spanish bureaucrats to the New World? What were the two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas ? (16th century) Mexico and Peru (Lima or Newcastle) Explain the impact of the Treaty of Terrestrial.Treaty between Spain and Portugal in 1494. The a Treaty of Terrestrial divide d the oral along an imaginary northbound line. According to this agreement, Spain could claim land west of that line, so long as it was not already under Christian rule, Portugal gained the same rights along the North einsteiniumern part of the South Am Rican Continent. Why did the Portuguese show more interest in Brazil? Who did the Portuguese e rely on to work on these sugar plantations? They relied on imported African slaves as laborers to work the sugar plantations Brazil had an abundance of sugar canes that was very economically profitable Explain the importance of controlling the pelt trade in North America. Was lucrative and very profitable, Why did the British create a prison colony at Botany Bay? Cook reported that the region was suitable for settlement, in 1788 a British flee et arrived there carrying lots of convicts (eight hundred out of one thousand), they herd De sheep at this new penal colony Africa and the Atlantic World Chapter 25 a. Explain the role played by the Portuguese in the transformation of east and South Africa during early modern times. What were Portugal main goals? In 1482, a small Portuguese fleet initiated commercial relations with the king mom of Kong. Portuguese merchants had established a close political and diplomatic relationship with the kings of Kong.They supported the kings with resources . Kings of Congo converted to Christianity (King Fanons l) as a way to establish closer co imperial relations with Portuguese merchants and the Portuguese monarchy. Portugal s main goals were gold, silver, ivory, and most important Of all slaves. Soon after the Kong kingdom fell, the Portuguese went to the Kingdom of Indigo wher e they were e able to decree an abundance of slaves. Examine maritime trade in early modern Africa. What kingdoms were created New kingdoms begun to emerge largely due to the fact of trade. Kingdoms like e grand Zanzibar was created. However later on, a series of smaller kingdoms dispel aced the rulers of Great Zanzibar.Europeans struck alliances with local people and pr vided them support with the aim of supporting consort and advancing their own inter sets,. C. In what ways did Islam and Christianity transform sub Sahara Africa? What happened to the indigenous religions? Islam Was the most popular in commercial centers Of west African and Swahili states in east Africa. Timeout had an Islamic university and 1 80 schools taught the Qua an. Islam was blended with indigenous beliefs and customs. Christianity as well blended d with the indigenous beliefs and customs. Tradition and Change in East Asia Chapter 26 a. Describe the political and social structures of East Asian societies. What type e of relationship did East Asian societies have with Europe?

Political Philosophy and Medium-paragraph Length Answer Essay

Provide a medium-paragraph length answer to each question below (using full and complete sentences). The questions be well-nigh the readings listed on the syllabus for 2/19 and 2/26. 1. Identify and explain the two objections that Michael Sandel raises roughly Jeremy Benthams philosophy of Utilitarianism. 2. What are the three types of policies and laws that Michael Sandel identifies as world commonly rejected by libertarians?Briefly explain each type of policy, and explain why libertarians are philosophically opposed to them. 3. According to Mary Anne warren (in On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion), what are the five central criteria for moral personhood, and what are the implications of this criteria on the issue of whether or not the fetus has the right to life? 4.According to Don marquess (in Why Abortion Is Immoral), what is the property that the fetus possesses which makes abortion an immoral act? Why does Marquis say that abortion is just as wrong as killing an inno cent adult person? 5. Judith Jarvis Thomson (in A Defense of Abortion) makes an argument about the morality of abortion when the pregnancy is due to rape by creating a fictitious example about being hooked up to an unconscious violinist.What are the elements of her example that make it analogous to the situation of pregnancy due to rape? What is the conclusion she draws about the morality of abortion in this situation, and what is the basis for this conclusion? composure Guidelines Include your gain and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the text of the document Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the name of the file that you submit.

Earliest American Literature was English and Literary Essay

Earliest American writers were Englishmen who came to Jamestown, Virginia, the first of the permanent settlements of the English in America.These writers included John Smith, the author of A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Hapned in Virginia Since the jump Planting of that Colony, which is now resident in the South part thereof, till the coda returne from thence William Stratchey, author of True repertory of the wreck and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, July fifteenth, 16 hundred and ten and the famous English poet, George Sandys, who completed Ovids metamorphosis on the American soil (Early compound Literature).Since none of these writers were acquainted with American culture as we know it, their works must be considered English literature composed on the American soil. Although Smiths A True Relation was a letter written to his friend in England, it is literary in the modern sense of the word. Like other pieces of historical literature, A True Re lation is educational for the modern reader. What is more, the writers parade of the narrative is rather vibrant, making it by no means appear as everyday writing (Smith). Like Smith, Stratchey also wrote for readers back in England that his writing style was more masterful.Describing a shipwreck on the way to America, he writes, The clouds gathering thick upon us, and the winds singing and whistling most unusu anyy (Stratchey). In fact, Stratcheys style is poetic throughout his work, rendering it not only literary but a work of art (Stratchey). Of course, Sandys translation of the Metamorphosis is incomparable. It continues to be a well-known piece of literature composed on the American soil by one of the first Englishmen to arrive in Jamestown bringing the nitty-gritty of the true English poet to the New World (Sandys).Because all three writers came from England carrying their own culture to the American soil, their works composed in America were entirely English. Moreover, all three writings mentioned were first published in England. Perusing these interesting, skillfully composed writings leaves no doubt in the modern readers mind that these works are literary indeed. Hence, earliest American literature must be described as English and literary. Works Cited Early Colonial Literature. Bibliomania Free Online Literature and Study Guides. 11 Jan 2009. . Sandys, George.George Sandys, Ovids Metamorphosis (1632). 11 Jan 2009. . Smith, John. A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Hapned in Virginia Since the First Planting of that Colony, which is now resident in the South part thereof, till the last returne from thence. 11 Jan 2009. . Stratchey, William. True repertory of the wreck and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, July fifteenth, sixteen hundred and ten. 11 Jan 2009. .

My Journey Essay

I want to take this judgment of conviction to share my story about my transition back in the civilian world. In 1990, I was full discharge from United States Army this was during peace time in which I had to leave the military collect to family hardship. At this time I received changes of duty station to return back to Korea which was my second crook of duty. I just had my fourth part child and she was only 10 months old. My only option was to leave fourth children with my mother. I felt that was just to much for my mother at that time. While out the military I have a difficulty time adjusting back to civilian life.During this time I was married to a soldier, so I was still connected to the military life. But transition back to civilian sustentation was hard for me. I did attended a class on resume writing and I obtained a job as a Certified Nursing Assistant at the local Nursing homes were I did my training at. My emotions was somewhat abnormal in which I felt like I was aband on and printing was their also. Even though I was working in civilian job I crave the usefulness that I experience with my military job.My transition took about seven months for me fully accept the civilian arena way of life. Since I like the medical field I enrolled at Central Texas College and received a diploma as a Licensed Vocational Nurse. But I still missed being in the military. But the military provide me with a solid foundation for employment, because I the military helped to fit to any situations.

How to Register Primary Cooperative

Once you have nonionised your co-op, your work does not end there. The reconciling now needs a legal personality so that is can do all the acts that a conjunctive is supposed to perform. With a legal personality, the accommodating can borrow m iy, sell its goods and run, deliver goods and put down into all sorts of melodic phrase transactions. So that your cooperative can do all these, you mustiness learn your cooperative.Here is how to do it. WHERE DO YOU REGISTER YOUR COOPERATIVE? The accommodating outgrowth Authority (CDA) is the only government agency mandated to register all types of cooperatives. Its main assurance is located at 827 Aurora Boulevard, Service Road, Barangay Immaculate C at a condemnationpcion, Quezon metropolis . To alleviate the flow of its services, extension offices have been set up.These are located in (a) Dagupan city (b) Tuguegarao (c) Baguio City (d) San Fernando, Pampanga (e) NCR-Quezon City (f) Calamba, Laguna (g) Naga City (h) Iloilo C ity (i) Cebu City (j) Tacloban City (k) Zamboanga City (l) Cagayan de Oro City (m) Davao City (n) Kidapawan City (o) Butuan City and (p) Cotabato City. WHAT ARE THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTERING A COOPERATIVE? Organizing a cooperative can be complex and simple. It requires an instinct of the basic needs of the prospective cooperative members.It demands patience from the organizer who must make the cooperatives long-term goals and objectives, and its visions a real part of the members lives. But it can be too easy because the co-op Code of the Philippines (RA 6938) has devised very clear-cut steps for the cooperative organizer and members. The following are the basic breeding that the prospective members should understand before organizing a cooperative. a. There are nine (9) steps suggested in place setting up a cooperative. FIRST. Get organized. You must have at least 15 members to do that.At once determine the common problems you would want solved and the basic needs you would want provided for through a cooperative. You whitethorn want to include increasing your production, marketing your produce, credit attention, power generation, banking or insurance and other correspondent needs. Determining your problems and needs will also help you classify the kind of cooperative you will be organizing. Even before a cooperative is set up, a dedicated core group commonwealth who will do all the organizational and paper works is a must.From this core group, working communities may be formed to set things moving. These committees may include social station, finance, executive, secretariat to name a few. SECOND. Reserved your proposed cooperative name. Secure and fill up accommodative Name Reservation Request Form (CNRRF). This must be submitted to CDA Central Office or any of its Extension Office. A reservation fee shall apply. THIRD. Prepare a general statement called an economic survey. Economic Survey is a general statement describing, among others, the grammatical construction and procedures of the proposed cooperative.The structure and actual staffing pattern shall include a bookkeeper. This should indicate the area of operation, the size of membership and other minded(p) data in a format provided by the Authority. FOURTH. Prepare the cooperatives by-laws. The by-laws contain the rules and regulations governing body the operation of the cooperative. FIFTH. Prepare the articles of cooperation. Mandatory contents of the articles of cooperation are the following (a) the name of the cooperative, which must include the give voice cooperative b) the purpose or purposes and scope of affair for which the cooperative is to be registered (c) the term of existence of cooperative (d) the area of operation and the postal address of its principal office (e) the names, nationality and the postal addresses of the registrants (f) the common stay put of membership (g) The list of names of the directors who shall manage the cooperative and (h) The amount of its make do capital, the names and residences of its contributors, and a statement of whether the cooperative is primary, secondary or tertiary.The articles of cooperation shall be signed by from each star of the organizers and acknowledged by them if natural persons, and by the chairpersons or secretaries, if juridical persons, before a notary public. . (i) Arbitral Clause SIXTH. Secure bond of responsible military officer(s). A surety bond should be secured from a duly registered insurance or bonding company. each director, officer and employee handling funds, securities or property on behalf of the cooperative shall be covered by this.The bill of fare of directors shall determine the adequacy of such bonds. SEVENTH. Execute Treasurers Affidavit. A sworn statement of the treasurer elected by the subscribers showing that at least cardinal per centum (25%) of the real share capital has been subscribed, and at least twenty-five per centum (25%) of the t otal subscription has been paid should be executed and to be attached to the articles of cooperation. The paid-up share capital shall not be less than Fifteen thousand pesos (P15,000. 0).. EIGHTH. Complete the Pre-Membership Education Seminar (PMES). A prospective member of a primary cooperative must have completed a Pre-Membership Education Seminar (PMES). A Certificate of PMES must be secured from the training provider. NINTH. Register your cooperative with the joint Development Authority (CDA). Submit the following needed documents in four (4) copies Four (4) copies each of the Economic Survey, Articles of Cooperation and By-Laws duly notarized 1. Economic Survey 2.Articles of Cooperation and By-Laws 3. Surety bond of accountable officers 4. Treasurers Affidavit 5. Approved Cooperative Name Reservation Slip 6. Certificate of PMES The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) is the sole government agency mandated to register all types of cooperatives. Its main office is located at 827 Aurora Blvd. , Immaculate Conception, Quezon City. Prospective cooperatives must submit their activity to the CDA Extension Office where the principal office of the cooperative is located.The following are the amount of fees to be paid for the allowance of cooperatives per CDA per Memorandum Circular 2004-07, serial of 2004 The initial registration fee to be imposed shall be 1/10 of 1% of the authorized share capital or the basic fee on a lower floor whichever You will need four copies each of the Economic Survey, By-laws and Articles of Cooperation. The article of Cooperative should be duly notarized and accompanied by the following a. Bonds of the accountable officers (any director, officer and employee) handling funds, securities or properties on behalf of the cooperative.The board of directors determine the amount of bonds required based on the initial net worth which shall include the paid-up capital, membership fees and other assets of the cooperative at the time of registration and b. Sworn statement of the treasurer duly notarized showing that at least 25% of the authorized share capital has been subscribed, and at least 25% of the total subscription has been paid. The paid-up capital must not be less than PhP2,000. 00 It must be noted that no member may own more than 20% of the subscribed share capital and each share must not be less than PhP1. 00. TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF COOPERATIVES 1) Types of Cooperatives. Cooperative may fall under any of the following types a. Credit Cooperative is one that promotes and undertakes savings and contribute services among its members. It generates a common pool of funds in order to provide financial assistance and other related financial services to its members for productive and provident purposes b. Consumer Cooperative is one the primary purpose which is to procure and distribute commodities to members for productive and provident purposes c. Producers Cooperative is one that undertakes joint productio n whether agricultural or industrial.It is formed and operated by its members to undertake the production and processing of primitive materials or goods produced by its members into finished or processed products for sale by the cooperative to its members and non-members. Any end product or its derivative arising from the raw materials produced by its members, sold in the name and for the account of the cooperative, shall be deemed a product of the cooperative and its members d. trade Cooperative engages in the supply of production inputs to members and markets their products e.Service Cooperative is one which engages in medical and dental care, hospitalization, transportation, insurance, housing, labor, electric automobile light and power, communication, professional and other services f. Multipurpose Cooperative is one which combines two(2) or more of the business activities of these different types of cooperatives g. Advocacy Cooperative is a primary cooperative which promote s and advocates cooperativism among its members and the public through socially-oriented project, education and training, explore and communication, and other similar activities to reach out to its intended beneficiaries h.Agrarian Reform Cooperative is one organized by marginal farmers majority of which are agrarian reform beneficiaries for the purpose of developing an appropriate system of bring in tenure, land development, land consolidation or land management in areas covered by agrarian reform i. Cooperative Bank is one organized for the primary purpose of providing a wide put of financial services to cooperatives and their members j. Dairy Cooperative is one whose members are engaged in the production of seraphic milk which may b processed and/or marketed as dairy products k.Education Cooperative in one organized for the primary purpose of owning and operating licensed educational institutions, notwithstanding the nourishment of Republic symbolise No. 9155, otherwise kno wn as the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 l. Electric Cooperative is one organized for the primary purpose of undertaking power generation, utilizing renewable energy sources, including hybrid systems, skill and operation of sub transmission or dispersion to its household members m.Financial Service Cooperative is one organized for the primary purpose of engaging in savings credit services and other financial services n. Fishermen Cooperative is one organized by marginalized fishermen in localities whose products are marketed either as fresh or processed products are marketed either as fresh or processed products o. Health Services Cooperative is one organized for the primary purpose of providing medical, dental and other health services p.Housing Cooperative is one organized to assist or provide access to housing for the benefit of its regular members who actively infix in the saving program for housing. It is co-owned and controlled by its members q. Insurance Coopera tive is one engaged in the business f insuring life and property of cooperatives and their members r. Transport Cooperative is one which includes land and sea transportation, limited to clarified vessels, as defined or classified under the Philippine maritime laws, organized under the provisions of this Code s.Water Service Cooperative is one organized to own, operate and manage water systems for the provision and distribution of portable water for its members and their households t. Workers Cooperative is one organized by workers, including the self-employed, who are at the same time the members and owners of the enterprise. Its principal purpose is to provide employment and business opportunities to its members and manage it in accordance with cooperative principles and u. some other types of cooperative as may be determined by the Authority. (2) Categories of Cooperatives.Cooperative shall be categorized according to membership and territorial considerations as follows (a) In t erm of membership, cooperative shall be categorized into (i) Primary. The members of which are natural persons (ii) Secondary. The members of which are primaries and (iii) Tertiary. The members of which are secondary cooperatives and (b) In terms of territory, cooperatives shall be categorized according to areas of operations which may or not coincide with the political subdivisions of the country. HOW MUCH IS THE REGISTRATION FEE?Prospective cooperatives must submit their application to the CDA Extension Office where the principal office of the cooperative is located. The following are the amount of fees to be paid for the registration of cooperatives per CDA per Memorandum Circular 2004-07, Series of 2004. The initial registration fee to be imposed shall be 1/10 of 1% of the authorized share capital or the basic fee below whichever is higher. BASIC FEES Primary Cooperatives Php 500. 00 Secondary Cooperatives Php 2,000. 00 Tertiary Cooperatives Php 3,000. 00 Laboratory Cooperatives Php 50. 00 .

The Movie 50 First Dates

50 First Dates is a great romantic comedy starring Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore. In this characterisation Adam Sandler name is Henry Roth and Drew Barrymore play Lucy. Henry is a veterinarian and a knight bachelor who lives in Hawaii. Henry spends e precise night with a different tourist with no-strings attached until he meets Lucy. Lucy is a picky girl very different from others. When Henry and Lucy met for the first time they immediately started to like distrisolelyively other. There was just one problem.They made plans to meet at the diner the next morning and when they did Lucy couldnt remember anything from the previous day. Henry didnt know nearly her condition until Lucys mom scoop friend told him he was very confused. She told him some the car accident that Lucy and her begin had been in. Lucys father had a few broken ribs and Lucy suffers from short-term remembrance sacking and doesnt know. In order to keep Lucy from decision out about her condition her family a nd friends prepare the next day like it was the day of her accident.Her brother and father have this routine where they would place the same newspaper as the day of the accident outside on the front porch, repaint the walls, play this movie of the same football game and rewrap the gift Lucy gave her father for his birthday. The day of the accident was Lucys father birthday and they were going to pick out a pineapple that was a family tradition. Once Henry found out anything he would try his best to get Lucy to remember things about her life as well as him. Everyday Lucy would do the exact same thing only one day Lucy got a ticket from a police officer because of an expired tag, Lucy was very confused.Because she couldnt visualise how a year had gone by and she didnt know. Although Lucy family tried to keep her from being damage they had to continue to tell her the truth. This time her father showed her the photos of the car accident and from when she was in the hospital, they al so took her to the hospital to conversation with her doctor. They had done this numerous times before, but she still didnt remember, so Henry started devising her these videos about her life hoping that she would start to remember things.Even though she couldnt remember anything the videos were a therapeutic agency of helping her to keep track of everything going on in her life. Lucys interactions with others made them feel special especially Henry, the love of her life. Henry had fallen madly in love with Lucy but she couldnt understand why he would want to devote his life mainly to making her happy when he had a life of his own. Although Henry had goals and responsibilities of his own he couldnt imagine his life without Lucy. She had a way of making him feel precious and needed. The way others interacted with Lucy was in a more protective way.No one wanted to see Lucy hurt particularly family and friends. 50 First Dates was a great comedy I in truth enjoyed this movie, still I couldnt help but to think about the seriousness of Lucys condition. It makes me very sad knowing that in that locationre pile in this world living with this condition and theres nothing doctors can do about it. Ive watched movies about different psychological issues, but I would have to say that I think short-term memory loss or memory loss period is the worse. We all have times where we forget things but nothing like people that actually suffers from this condition.I dont what I would do if I were in this situation. I could only imagine how difficult it would be to not be able to remember anything. It has to be very foil to have your family and friends telling you about your life as if you werent the one living it. Placing myself in Lucys situation gives me a better understanding of what she went through and what many others with this condition go through every day of their lives. I am very empathetic for Lucy and others. Simply because people with short-term memory loss have t o go through this and the sad part about it is that they dont know.