Genzyme Summary Essay

Genzyme was founded in 1981, Sanofi purchased the company in 2011. They went public in 1986, raising 27 million dollars. Genzyme startet as a start up Company by scientists studying genetically inherited enzyme diseases. Their strategy didn’t focus on the â€Å"blockbuster drugs† like other biotechnology companies but drugs for rare diseases. To developing a drug, it takes 10-14 years at the cost of around 800 million. But the blockbuster drugs had 1 billion dollars revenue. Genzyme has received several honor awards like â€Å"national medal of technology†. The food and drug administration established in 1983 the â€Å"Orphane drug act† giving seven years market exclusivity to developers of drugs for rare diseases. This gave Genzyme big advantage when it comes to clinical trials, advertising and sales, it does not requires a lot. Their first success was the â€Å"Ceredase† drug- to treat the Gaucher`s disease. It was sold to over 4000 patients, with annual revenue of 800 million dollars. They had different way of manufacturing and sales compare to other companies. They did not do licensing to large pharmaceutical company. Genzyme was the worlds third largest biotech company in 2006 only profiting of rare diseases. Reflection of the case * Avoided â€Å"blockbuster† market and good management Good strategic to focus on a niche market instead of the †blockbuster† market. The degree of existing rivalry and entry barriers was low. Henri Termeer took a risk in moving to a start up company but with his experience and expertise, the company went stronger and independent. * First ones to market and the exclusivity Genzyme entered a small, untapped market. Being the first biotech company that focus on rare diseases and having the market exclusivity made them leading biotech company. They had the ability to identify almost all customers. They had big advantage when is comes to clinical trials, restrictions, FDA and small numbers of test patients required.

John Locke and the Declaration of Independence Essay

In 1689, John Locke published, what proved to be, a valuable document for the American Revolution as well as life in present day America, known as the Second Treatise of Government. In his document he creates a model of his ideal civil government, which is created by the people to ensure their â€Å"natural rights† of life, liberty, and property. This government may also be dissolved upon the decision of the people, when it is believed that the sovereignty has ceased to function properly. Locke’s model government is based on his idea of the â€Å"state of nature†; perfect freedom, the state all men are in naturally. This idea infers that all men will govern themselves accordingly; however chaos and anarchy would always occur. Men, in the â€Å"state of nature†, all have the drive and want to acquire more than which they already possess. Men, also, have the same capabilities of doing so, which ultimately creates conflict between men. This is where the idea of the â€Å"politic society† comes into play. The â€Å"politic society† is where men forfeit their individual right to govern themselves, and instead create a â€Å"social contract† amongst one another. The â€Å"social contract† is a binding agreement between the government and the governed, in which the governed agree to sacrifice their individual political power and obey laws, while the government agrees to provide protection of property and enforce/create laws th at promote the common good. The government is prohibited from doing which the governed does not consent nor comply with. Once government goes above or beyond its prescribed capabilities, it is then that it should be dissolved. Locke insists the government may be dissolved in any instance, if does not receive consent from its governed during: legislative alteration, executive hindering its legislative, alteration of elective process the executive, failure to enforce existing laws, and subjection to foreign powers. It is evident that, while Thomas Jefferson was formulating his document, The Declaration of Independence, he was highly influenced by Locke’s views within his Second Treatise of Government. In fact, the preamble to The Declaration of Independence encompasses Locke’s ideas of the â€Å"state of nature† and the â€Å"politic society† as demonstrated here: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing it powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to affect their safety and happiness.† This is directly parallel to what Locke states in his Second Treatise to the Government, with the insertion of property in place of happiness, when he says: â€Å"Men being, as has been said, by nature, all free, equal, and independent, no one can be put out of this estate, and subjected to the political power of another, without his own consent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another instance of parallelism is within the Declaration of Independence’s list of grievances and Locke’s grounds for dissolution. Jefferson states that: â€Å"He (The King of Great Britain) has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected†¦ He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people†. All of these grievances are considered by Locke, to be just reasons for the dissolution of the current government. Even though, both documents appear to be quite similar, there is a slight difference. Locke’s views are more individualistic. He concentrates on the rights and duties of the individual. While on the other hand, Jefferson’s main focus is on the government and its rights and limitations. Both proved to be highly effective in each owns instance. Case in point, on July 4, 1776, that The Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress and the American Revolution officially began. Another important issue to be discussed is slavery. In the Second Treatise of Government, Locke maintains that the â€Å"perfect condition of slavery† is based upon consent. That â€Å"man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but to have only the law of nature for his rule† yet† having by his fault forfeited his own life by some act that deserves death, he to whom he has forfeited it may, when he has him in his power, delay to take it and make use of him to his own service†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Locke essentially is saying slavery is a consensual debt to someone and should not be used in any other instance. The topic of slavery was not included within the embodiment of The Declaration of Independence. In America, slavery was not consistent with Locke’s view of doubtful servitude. Instead, slaves were brought over from other countries, or born into it themselves and it became a common, harsh way of life for African Americans of that time. A prime example would be Frederick Douglass; a self educated, escaped slave, who was a part of the abolitionist movement during the pre-civil war era. He believed that the Declaration of Independence, the document itself and its ideas, did not apply to he and his people, for they were not free. In his oration, what to Say to the Slave is the Fourth of July, he declares that: â€Å"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common— the rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence†¦ is shared by you and not by me.† It is clear that Frederick Douglass shows a great deal of discontent towards the 4th of July and what it represents to Americans because it doesn’t represent anything for African Americans but after a great deal of effort and a civil war, slavery was abolished in 1868 with the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. During the abolitionist movement, there was another prominent cause in America, the women’s movement. The women of the time, Lucretia Mott for example, felt that women shared a similar cause with the African Americans, in that they were treated unfairly and suffered from inequality in society. They wanted equal rights, mainly the right to vote. The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was a Mott’s response to the Declaration of Independence; a parody of the rights of man, the Caucasian man in particular. It is in this document that she demonstrates how women are deprived of the rights to liberty, justice, and property. After many rallies and protest, women were granted the right to vote in 1919 under Amendment XIX. The next great movement of America’s history was the Civil Rights Movement. This forged many great leaders such as Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Both men shared t opposite views on which actions to take to promote their cause. Dr. King advocated the non-violent approach. He and his followers held rallies and protests and tried to educate America about this current state of inequality and segregation through pamphlets and orations. One of Dr. King’s most famous pieces was a Letter from a Birmingham Jail. He too, like Mott, used words in order to express the current condition of deprivation of life, liberty, and property. All of these great movements would have been impossible, if it were not for Locke’s Second Treatise of Government. This document created what became a domino effect of social revolutions in the post years after its publication and is a valuable source of model democratic system still today.

School Food Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

School Food Programs - Essay Example As the report declares inadequate food supply can be addressed through the subsidizing of the food supply and ensuring that the institution gets into a contract with other nongovernmental organization that can be willing to deliver food on a low-cost basis. Fruits and vegetable consumption rates are low therefore a concrete solution to this problem need to be addressed. This is through the subsidizing of the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables. Additionally the most important solution would be sensitizing the school kids on the health benefits that fruits and vegetable consumption has to the body. Fruits and vegetables are a very good source of vitamins that are very good for the growth of kids. From the essay it is clear the long-term health impact of canned foods such cancer should be highlighted to the kids. The high cancer cases can be blamed on these processed and canned foods. Therefore, such campaigns can be very effective in deterring canned food consumption. Cooking contests are a very good way of inspiring kids to acquire a passion in cooking which can deter them from getting the urge to consume junk foods. The poor income that has resulted from food sales can be addressed through promotion and use of free samples as a way of attracting customers. The local authorities would be required to subsidies the farm inputs so that the farming cost is subsidized this will ensure that the small-scale farmers have the ability to extensively farm.

Which Philosopher Benefits the Working Class Essay

Which Philosopher Benefits the Working Class - Essay Example For example, Karl Marx is well known as the Father of Communism and his theories are being followed by some modern governments. It is interesting to study the views and theories of these historical thinkers and see how they serve to explain modern day structures and events. Some philosophers can concretely be proved more accurate than others while some theories are still matters of debate. At the base, what truly matters is the individual and where they see themselves. One may take upon oneself a theory as their self-description while another may very well deny the same theory and choose an alternative or opposing view. Herein shall be examined the position of various philosophers: Lenin, Marx, Smith, and Ortega y Gasset, as they relate to the life of one who is deemed â€Å"working class.† Vladimir Lenin was one of the great Russian political figures and a great thinker of the twentieth century (Historical Figures n.p.). He is the one responsible for the political structure o f the USSR. In Russia, he took up a fight on behalf of the working class. It was his position that the working class needed to be rescued from the capitalist oppressors that placed heavy burdens upon them. According to Lenin, a communist lifestyle greatly benefits the working class. They have the right to be free from those who would exploit them for the sake of financial gain. In his eyes, the capitalists regarded the working class as no more than a commodity and they used them to benefit their own pockets without regard for the suffering that the working class had to endure. However, Lenin acknowledged the fact that the tendency of the working class is not to take upon themselves a socialist society and that they, if the opportunity was presented, would simply switch from being the proletariat to being the bourgeois. As it has been reported, â€Å"†¦Lenin therefore concluded that if the proletariat was ever to realize its class interest the socialist idea would have to be br ought to it â€Å"from without† by those who understood Marx’s science†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Mayer159). It would seem that Lenin missed the mark in regard to the needs of the working class. The first and most obvious proof is the failure of his design, namely the USSR. Secondly, he neglected to fully recognize the cravings of the working class to be free from oppression. He did not see that his introduction of a socialist society is yet again just another form of oppression. For if the working class desires to advance in status, there ought be nothing to stop them but their own lack of determination. Yet, living in a socialist society, those who desire such freedoms would have to flee the country or abandon hope. Lenin is not accurate in the position of the working class from the view of a working class citizen. However, Lenin was not alone in his belief that socialism and communism are what will benefit the working class the most. His thoughts were greatly founded upon the vi ews of another well-known philosopher, Karl Marx. Marx, often considered the Father of Communism, also felt that capitalism was a social ill because it degraded the working class to a commodity for the rich whom they would serve. Marx blames private ownership and the ability to get wealth for many of the problems of society. Therefore, he prescribed a system where there would be no private ownership. Still, his views are not accurate to the working class who, without the ability to own privately, ends up working endlessly for naught. At least those who are working class and living in a capitalist society have the ability to hope for greatness and wealth. It is this hope that excites and brightens the eyes. They work all the harder, not only in their positions, but to improve

Macro5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro5 - Essay Example Every labour market depending on the economy has its own fluctuations and structural characteristics. In addition, every job always retains its core characteristics like working conditions, required qualifications, working hours and compensation. Furthermore, each employee is represented through professional qualifications, personal abilities and work expectations. Practically, employment occurs when an employee and particular position are matched. In any economy, there are situations when some positions remain unfulfilled, qualified workers are unemployed and some workers are not included in the labour force. When employees and positions are matched poorly and those employees remain in labour force, this trend results in both additional vacancies and additional unemployment. Partially, natural rate of rate is determined by the dynamics of new job creation and termination of current jobs because of decision made on microlevel by individual employees and businesses. Therefore, if othe r aspects of the economy remain constant, simultaneous creation and termination of jobs leads to a higher rate of unemployment. In addition, turnover rates among current employed workforce are also associated with higher unemployment, and are significantly influenced by the nature of jobs and the age mix of the adult population. According to McConnell, Brue and Flynn (2008), inflation is defined as the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is increasing, and, subsequently, purchasing power of consumers is decreasing. From this definition, it is evident that inflation is a negative economic trend. Indeed, two digit inflation rate indicators in the early 1980s in the United States are a good illustration for â€Å"bad† inflation. General decline in purchasing power, particularly among consumers with fixed income, compromised

Should free access to Birth Control be Provided by every By Every Essay

Should free access to Birth Control be Provided by every By Every Government as a Basic Human right - Essay Example Some of the commonly encouraged contraceptives are barrier contraceptives. They include male and female condoms. They prevent unwanted pregnancies including sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they do not have any side effects and are provided free by the government in hospitals, universities and other public places. The hormonal and intrauterine devices prevent unwanted pregnancies, but also possess side effects (Darney 23). They do not prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Side effects include cardiovascular risks, blood clots and breast cancer. There is economic growth when there is birth control. That is why the government is always campaigning for a couple to get children that they can afford and to reduce population growth. Economy grows because there is no large population that is depending on the few resources that the government has (Darney 23). There are fewer dependent children and both parents can participate in workforce contributing to the growth of the economy. Politically, birth control has been encouraged by licensing birth control devices. The government offers free birth control pills and devices to poverty stricken areas. Health education is also encouraged in school by the government. Primary schools, high schools and universities pupils are taught against the consequences of unsafe sex. Health workers have been trained in providing health care services in hospitals and this is encouraged by the government. Free access to birth control should be provided by governments as a basic human right because people will be in a position to have a child when they are financially and emotionally stable. Teenagers who do not have access to free birth control often end up getting pregnant while they are still in school. This is often embarrassing to the girl and the girl’s parents (Weschler 55). The pregnant girl drops out of a college or high school to take care of

Is the English Law on Ancillary Relief Defective Essay

Is the English Law on Ancillary Relief Defective - Essay Example In cases of divorce, nullity of marriage, judicial separation and presumption of death and dissolution of marriage in England and Wales, a party to the dissolved marriage may claim for pecuniary award for the determination of issues regarding consequential monetary matter. This court proceeding is formally called Ancillary Relief. It is that part of the course of action which determines the financial concern as between the parties to the marriage. In reality, once the husband and wife decide to annul their marriage, they usually see eye to eye and make up their minds to go through the process of divorce, taking into consideration the fact that they have earnestly thought about it over and over, including its consequences. Eventually, after the couple has finally decided to accept that their marriage is really over, they commence the discussion on issues regarding the children (if there be any) and the separation of their property. More often than not, the couple sorts out by agreement these aforesaid issues. Generally, for cases of divorce between spouses, where the applicant is a resident or domiciled in England, the English Courts have the jurisdiction to conclude and determine whether the granting of a decree of divorce is warranted under given circumstances. The process of ancillary relief is included in this procedure wherein the English Courts are given a wide range of discretion to decide the amount of relief to be awarded for the benefit of one of the spouses and/or their children. Considering the fact that jurisdiction is vested on the English Courts if the applicant is a resident or is domiciled in this country, it follows then that a foreign spouse who is domiciled and resident abroad may be granted a financial relief. But this is not to say that the rule on this situation is limitless. There are some cases where the courts have declined to issue orders of relief to those foreign spouses on the ground that the courts believed that it would be utterly ineffective to do so. One relevant case is the early case of Tallack v. Tallack [1927], where the court found that one respondent had no substantive link or effective connection with England, and the courts of the country where he is domiciled and resident would have rejected the execution of the English order, the English court refused to make an order of ancillary relief. The all-embracing and extensive scope of use by the English courts' legally sanctioned authority to decide between a variety of outcomes in determining the financial award for ancillary relief has the underlying moral basis of trying to preserve for each party their financial status as it would have been, had the marriage continued to subsist. [Sherwood v. Sherwood (1928)] On the other hand, ancillary relief of the English law is often criticized and condemned for being flawed by some jurists overseas. They claim that "it is inappropriate to the modern concept of matrimony as a partnership since it is 'a law of separation of assets' and that it is illogical in a marriage partnership in which in theory there should be 'community of property' unless there are special reasons for contracting out of such a position." In the landmark case of White v. White (2000), Lord Nicholls made a clear-cut statement that "(t)he statutory provisions lend no support to the idea that a claimant's financial needs, even interpreted generously and called

Close Reading about Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Close Reading about Poem - Essay Example . The opening of the poem, â€Å"my heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains† indicate that the mood of song is mellow (Keates Stanza 1 line 1). The author is trying to achieve the nightingale’s pure realm and escape from the troubles and darkness of the world through his drink. The nightingales’ voice sends him into a trance making him cheery and unable to focus on anything else. This is evident when he says, â€Å"Singest of summer in full-throated ease† (Keates Stanza 1 Line 10). His view of the world as a dark place is a product of his health problems and the fact that he became an orphan in his early teenage years and forced by circumstances to care for his sick brother. In as much as he is drunk, his tone is sober and enlightened. The nightingales’ songs turn his sorrow to joy and pain to pleasure. He imagines smelling flowers and drinking wine in the green country in the suns warmth and becoming one with the nightingale, â€Å"Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget† (Stanza 3 line 1). This shows his longing of a lively, enjoyable world. He comes to his senses in the sixth stanza when the reality of his mortality hits him hard. He is attracted to the nightingales’ song and realizes that the bird is incapable of experiencing pain and comprehending the pain of death. To him the bird is immortal because many people transverse all generations and history have heard the nightingale sing. When the nightingale flies off, the speaker feels lonely and disappointed. He feels he lacks the freedom of the nightingales and yearns to come to such freedom and usefulness. Perhaps death is his release (Cunningham & Reich & Fichner 127). Finally, in understanding this poem it is noteworthy to mention that the poet composed this poem after the demise of his brother. The poem expresses the reality of the duality of human experiences using imagery and melancholy. The different

Coffee - Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee Starbucks Essay Starbucks is a premium coffee wholesaler which has strayed from its original service of coffee. The advent of newer technology has diminished the Starbucks experience. Howard Schultz, Starbucks chairmen, sent a memo on February 14, 2007 addressing this problem to the president and chief executive officer of Starbucks, Jim Donald. In the memo, Schultz voiced his opinion on how the rapid expansion of Starbucks is causing him to revaluate the company’s values between how it operated when it began and where it is heading in the future. Starbucks isn’t the same neighborhood store as it was when it was established and no longer shows the passion for coffee that they had in the beginning. â€Å"I have said for 20 years that our success is not an entitlement and now its proving to be a reality. Lets be smarter about how we are spending our time, money and resources. Lets get back to the core† (Schultz). Along with its expansion, Starbucks has been trying to utilize new technologies to improve the product they sell to consumers. Starbucks changed their espresso machines from manual to automatic to speed up service and efficiency. These machines â€Å"blocked the visual sight line the customer previously had to watch the drink being made, and for the intimate experience with the barista† (Schultz). People no longer have that intimate connection with the people making their coffee, or to the finished product. The employees are also more disassociated from their work because of these new machines that speed up production. Starbucks also incorporated flavor-locked packaging to supply the demand for fresh roasted coffee. This is a great service to the customer because it keeps coffee grounds or beans fresher longer, yet the effectiveness of the flavor-locked bags contributed to the loss of aroma, â€Å"perhaps the most powerful non-verbal signal†, in Starbucks (Schultz). The romance of Starbucks is lost with these improvements and the unforgettable scent is lessened along with its heritage. Starbucks is still a coffee-loving company, and consumers are still receiving the coffee delicacies they want, but at what cost to tradition. https://sites. google. com/site/hollymadalyn/writing/Starbucks-Research-paper SYNOPSIS Starbucks Corporation, originally founded in 1971, but purchased by Howard Schultz in 1987, is the market leader in selling gourmet coffee (Starbucks, 2008). Starbucks main objective is to establish itself as the most respected and recognized coffee brand in the world (Fact Sheet, 2008). Starbucks has accomplished this objective and experienced much success through their competitive strategy of clustering several stores within the same community and through their distinctive competencies of roasting and selling the quality coffee while providing high quality customer service. The question is, can Starbucks continue their market share growth with rising competitors? Should they focus more on their international operations? Can they continually reinvent themselves to maintain their strong brand image in the long run? PROBLEMS. †¢ Overall economic downturn can affect Starbucks’ market share if management neglects to address competitors’ strategies with lower priced offerings as consumers are becoming more conservative in spending their discretionary income. †¢ Loss of identity and authenticity focused upon the foundational Starbucks experience, which, if unaddressed by management, can result in dissatisfied customers, loss of sales, and decreased market share. †¢ Considering the economy and increasing domestic competition within the U. S. , Starbucks must address their less profitable international operations. SWOT ANALYSIS[1] INDUSTRY EVALUATION In the past two decades, the coffee industry has experienced a significant increase in the demand for premium coffee. Today, about one in five Americans drinks some type of espresso-based coffee drink each day. The average yearly coffee consumption per capita in the U. S. is around 4. 4Kg. Among these coffee drinkers, the average consumption is 3. 1 cups of coffee per day, with men drinking approximately 1. 9 cups per day, and women drinking an average of 1. 4 cups per day (Coffee Research [continues].

Role of the church in secular concerns of its congregants Essay Example for Free

Role of the church in secular concerns of its congregants Essay As notable and important as the role of the Black church in inspiring community service by its congregants is the service provided by the church for its congregants’ secular concerns. Church programs can often encompass all areas of a congregant’s secular life. Social interaction and personal relationships are fostered among the congregation; social services such as youth ministry and care for adolescents, literacy programs, economic development programs and physical and mental health programs are provided; traditional pastoral services such as grief counseling and marriage counseling are also benefits of the membership in the Black church. Many of these services have been the subject of study and inquiry in recent years, and a review of extant literature can provide insight into the role of the modern Black church. PHYSICAL HEALTH PROGRAMS Health and preventative care programs are some of the most important secular program offered by Black churches to their congregations. The health picture of African-Americans is grim: higher rates of diabetes and heart disease, lower birth rates and life expectancies, higher infant mortality, and higher rates of psychological problems are all exacerbated by lower levels of health insurance coverage and racial discrimination in health care (NEEDS CITE). Church-based health programs are a vital resource for the underserved population of the church community. The Los Angeles Mammography Promotion in Churches Program, a Los Angeles area health initiative sponsored by the RAND Corporation, which targeted an underserved population (older Black women) for health screening care including mammograms, ran from 1996 to 1998, with 18 Black churches participating. The aims of the study were twofold: one, to determine the feasibility of churches as focal points for community health programs; and two, to test the effectiveness of church-based programs aimed at increasing preventative health care access to underserved populations. The authors considered that â€Å"the church can be an important conduit through which to inform racial/ethnic minorities about preventative care, and that the Black church, because of its ethic of service to others, is particularly well-suited for health promotion (Markens , 2005, 805). The authors of the study, Markens, Fox, Teub and Gilbert (2002), surveyed the pastors of 16 of the churches upon completion of the program to determine the effectiveness of the program and its implementation. The survey illuminated not only the effectiveness and importance of church-based health care programs for the Black community, but many of the problems with implementation and participation in these programs. The authors note that â€Å"given its historical and ongoing roles within the Black community, the church is an ideal setting in which to offer health promotion activities for African-Americans (2002, 805). † In order to obtain answers about the church leader’s perspective on the effectiveness of the program, the authors of the study interviewed sixteen of eighteen pastors of the church where the program was implemented; two of the pastors were excluded due to their short tenure with their churches, which meant that they had not been substantially involved in the program. The authors found that most of the pastors were generally enthusiastic and positive about the program and their church’s participation in it; however, there were also a number of criticisms of the study. The authors noted that what drew many of the pastors to participate in the study was their holistic approach to ministry. One participant, Reverend Henry, said: I try to have a holistic ministry, one that not only deals with the soul but the body as well†¦ there are many facets to us that make up whole people, and each one needs to be dealt with and the church can be a focal point in dealing with the needs of the whole person†¦ I feel very strongly that the physical wellbeing of the person is as important as their spiritual wellbeing. (Markens , 2002, 807). Some participants in the study went even further than Reverend Henry, expressing a dislike of the idea of the separation of spiritual and secular concerns and explicitly linking spiritual and physical health. Reverend Ellington, another participant, remarks: †¦there are a lot of people because of a spiritual mentality, they believe that the Lord will do everything and they†¦ really don’t have to be overzealous about doing anything†¦ so you have to keep telling them that the doctor is there because God put him here. So then you’re supposed to utilize that source. And so that’s my kind of emphasis, that I keep people interested in their whole body. (Markens , 2002, 807). More pragmatically, many participants recognized that physical health was important to the congregation because it could affect spiritual goals. Reverend Henry noted â€Å"if you don’t keep people alive, you’re not going to have a congregation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All the respondents to the study took the health of their congregation seriously, and considered it to be a matter of pastoral concern, disputing the idea that it was a secular matter (Markens , 2002, 808). One participant in the study, Reverend Hill, echoed a common sentiment when he remarked â€Å"the only reason for a church to be in existence is to better the community†¦ otherwise, it’s not a church† (Markens , 2002, 807). The eagerness and appreciation of community projects was a common attitude among the survey respondents. In a number of churches, the Los Angeles Mammography Promotion in Churches Program served as a gatekeeper for other church-based community health programs, often instigated or arranged by church members and pastors who observed the success of the mammography program. Programs such as diabetes and blood pressure screenings, health fairs and even the establishment of permanent Health Committees and Bible aerobics (a combination of a low-impact aerobics program with Bible study) were put into place in the participating churches, widening the congregation’s access to preventative health screening and care (Markens , 2002, 807). Not all of the responses to Marken’s study were positive. There were a number of barriers to care and the success of the program cited in the pastoral survey. The most common thread was lack of time on the part of the pastor to oversee the program; the responses speak to a larger problem within the church, that of high-stress leadership positions within the church. Reverend Hill stated: †¦ pastoring is one of the most stressful positions in America†¦ Mainly because you’re constantly on the go and consistently on call†¦ in the electronic age, you have a beeper on either side, you have a cell phone in your hand. You gotta check your email every day. And every time the phone rings you’re concerned†¦ you’re looking at a stressful society. (Markens , 2002, 808). At the same time, the presence of the pastor is extremely important – â€Å"in the Black church, people want to hear the voice of the leader†¦ some things just cannot be delegated ((Markens , 2002, 808). † There were other problems with the study that did not depend on the amount of time the pastor could devote to overseeing it. The smaller churches in the study didn’t have a lot of resources to draw on for financial support, which complicated administration of the program (many of the pastors worked second jobs in addition to overseeing the administration of the church. ) As the authors note, â€Å"Ironically, then, the Black church’s history of involvement in community and secular activities that makes them ideal sites for health interventions can at the same time possibly affect a pastor’s willingness to participate in new health programs (808). † Finally, the very lack of formal programs and secular support for the congregation’s health care affected the involvement of the congregation in the health intervention program. The combination of a lack of accustomed medical care, particularly preventative care and screening available to more affluent members of society, and a history of exploitation and abuse among the group resulted in an unwillingness to participate in a research study, regardless of how worthy it was (Markens , 2002, 809). The power of the Black church, although considerable, is not always enough to overcome the external pressure of the dominant culture. Another project that undertook a community health initiative within a Black church was Project DIRECT (Diabetes Interventions Reaching and Educating Communities Together). Project DIRECT, a federally funded research project sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Reid , 569). Project DIRECT was founded in 1994 in southeast Raleigh, North Carolina,, with the intended purpose of providing community care, education, screening and prevention resources in order to reduce the high rate of type II diabetes experienced within the African-American community in the region. This research project also examined the influence of another African-American institution, the historically Black university North Carolina Central University (NCCU), located in Raleigh, as a resource for community health programs. Reid state, â€Å"Historically, African American people have turned to the church for information about services of value and importance to them (571). † The authors note that the study was designed to take into account the fact that churches often have limited resources and are often overwhelmed with requests to participate in community health studies; careful organization of the study was required to avoid negatively impacting the pastor and outreach ability. The demographic profile of the church was considered more important for targeting church participation than the denomination of the church; however, there was no easy way to determine the demographic profile of any given church. In order to determine this, NCCU students participating in the study attended services at the church (with the pastor’s prior knowledge), and introduced themselves as Project DIRECT staffers during the fellowship time, discussing the project with those who showed an interest in it. The researcher observation allowed the Project to create a congregational health assessment tool (CHAT) used to determine the needs of the demographic served by the particular church, followed by a congregational health action plan (CHAP), customized to the church’s demographic. Church leaders were then engaged in providing their congregation with the appropriate contacts for education and management of type II diabetes within their congregation. The authors note that the outcome was positive: several churches reorganized or supplemented their health and social ministries on the findings of the CHAT and CHAP, and pastor response was positive. The interaction between the NCCU students and the church leaders and congregation was also noted as a positive outcome by the researchers: the Project DIRECT experience precipitated the founding of an interdepartmental master’s program in Community Health at NCCU, using the lessons learned to create a professional community health coordinator skill set within the community.

Business Proposal for Child Development Strategy

Business Proposal for Child Development Strategy 1.0 Executive Summary As business evolved the main factors deciding the normal pursue of a companys activity could be a huge range with different variables, however when specifying about the absolute basic, the foundations of which actions that build up a business all the way from the bottom, then we are usually referring to the marketing plan. the marketing plan includes many steps, but more importantly, who is interested in buying the product? identifying a certain group of people with similar characteristics including demographics, psychographics and many more is what is known as a segment of the market (Sturman, Corgel and Verma, 2011). During the pass of time in the last 30 years, it could be said that miracles have been invented, but do these miracles come without a cost? No, everything has a cost, however in this concerning issue it is not just about value for money, as technology advanced significantly in the rise of the century, the human brain has slowly been shutting down, applications specific ally like snapchat and vines is the reason that now most of the secondary school students would have short attention span, the kids do not realise it but the effects of 10 seconds short videos constantly as well as randomly changing causing the brain to procrastinate (Hooton, 2017). 2.0 Segment Framing Psychotherapy for kids suffering to learn, usually labelled by psychiatrists as ADHD or Dyslexia in the past has always been a burden or one of the hard states of mind to overcome, it is not to be cured. The methods developed for treating this kind of issue has not always been the best in psychotherapy, usually either the downside is too harsh or it is not effective, cause doing the simple act of telling a 5th grader to do his homework is well-known as the least effective. A study has shown that out of 50 children from the ages of 6-16 around 62% found that doing absolutely nothing is better than studying (Prakash and Mitra, 2008). There are two types of treatment when it comes to any sort of attention disorder, medication and treatment programmes. The huge issue faced by such patients is that usually the only effective approach is the pharmacological products engineered for such issues (Antshel et al., 2017). many doctors have repeated over and over again about the psychological and physical life dependency associated with such medication, if the pill is taken then the student will be able to learn, if not then the student will fail to accomplish the easiest and most simple of tasks, not to mention the other soul sucking clinical side effects, for instance depression and ease to anger, it could even develop as the student grows up to suicidal thoughts (JG, 2017). Treatment programmes that have been developed up till this moment are not that efficient, however there is one that has shown significance in the students life. Dekko comics is a company producing comics purely for education or providing an individual with a criterion of information through the comic, what psychologists have missed while targeting such disorders, is what does the student want to do, other than doing what is right approach, as students at this age are not fully mature. psychology clearly provided that if a person with attention disorder manages to find a subject or a routine where his self-owned interests , that same person with the attention disorder will generate thoughts much better than a normal person, that is because that a person who has attention problems usually has those problems because of the high speed generation of thoughts, not in all but rather most therefore such students get on what is known by psychologists as the hyper focus mode, it is triggered by many ways such as life threatening situation, for instance the night before the exam, or the other side of the moon, put simply a topic of certain interest for growing students in any range, 8-16 is the identified psychologically, realistically or rather marketing wise 10-14 is the accurate major(Ozel-Kizil and Kokurcan, 2017) which in case of the segment targeted having students reading narratives off a colourful comic with characters is an appeal to students compared to having black and white pages of vocabulary or non-endless lines of stories, it just appeals more in general. Far from the fact o f comic to learn, the products produced by dekko comics has also shown that if we reverse the equation it is still useful and fun, so the product is not necessarily purchased for purely education, it could also be a gadget of productive time wasting in leisure time. Such method is not only useful in secondary school, some of the qualified higher educational organisations have developed such strategies for themselves in a more complex manner suiting the customers, for example The University of Florida has its own developed comic department where students involved in such topics of studies and research (Research Guides: Graphic Novels and Comics: Journals and Online resources, 2017). 3.0 Engagement campaign `Dekko Comics main purpose is to be able to teach children in an interactive and enjoyable way. it has also been established that Dekko Comics product is able to aid students with learning disabilities such as; ADD, ADHD, dyslexia, and dysgraphia (meanings in appendix 1) to list a few. According to Stalikas and Fitzpatrick, (2008), psychotherapy concentrates on the negative emotion of the experience rather than a more positive side. To elaborate further, Dekko Comics aims to treat learning disabilities in a more positive manner. Introducing an increasing positive attitude that may not be present in clinical psychology, may have an effect on the effectiveness of psychological treatment. By working alongside qualified psychotherapists, Dekko comics will be able to retain its educational background, whilst simultaneously expanding to a new and highly profitable market. Thus, by specifically targeting children aged between 8-14 years old and presenting comics that can aid in many aids th em in therapy sessions. Contrary to popular belief, the main aim of psychotherapy is not the direct treatment of the patient, however, the way psychotherapy is used in treatment highly differs from the normal medical treatment. Psychotherapy aims to clarify misunderstandings that the patient might have and not presenting any sure solutions to the patient; rather, psychotherapists aim to direct the patient to their own conclusion. Effectively, it teaches the patient to critically think and overcome their ailment independently. More severe illnesses, however, such as OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) use different types of psychotherapy, such CBT (Cognitive-behavioural Therapy) whereby the patient conducts certain activities with their therapists that involve directly dealing with their disability. The final aim of CBT is for the patient to be able to overcome their fear and eventually cope with it without the use of any medicine. Although, patients who have been recommended this type of treatment have seen a large amount of dropout rate (Manceho, et al., 2011). Since CBT still takes design aspects from normal psychotherapy (where the patient reaches their own conclusion), it can be heavily implied that dropout rate in CBT treatment can be attributed to the patients own willingness to cooperate and attend their therapy sessions. Furthermore, psychotherapy is quite a dated treatment, introducing a product such as Dekko Comics to this market it can create a more attractive environment to the consumer. Ergo, dropout rates of psychotherapeutic treatment might decrease overall, which in turn will increase its effectiveness. According to Farell et al., (2016), in a study that looked at the effectiveness of CBT treatment among youth aged between 11-16 years old around 80% of which were considered to be in an improved state after treatment. However, post-treatment 60% of patients were experiencing the original symptoms and 6 months later this increase to 70%. This fundamentally states that CBT can be highly effective along the short-term, however, its effectiveness decreases overtime. By implanting a semantic meaning to patients within psychotherapy, which as stated by Schendan, (2012), that human functions emerge in the semantic network which is caused by the interaction between language and mental simulation. Therefore, by providing meaning or semantics via comics to the patient it can aid them in easily retrieving memories about their treatment sessions, this in turn might aid in increasing the effectiveness of CBT on the long-term and decrease the rate of re-emergence Mackenzie et al., (2014) conducted a study that consisted of 6796 students, and ran for 40 years (1968-2008). This study aimed to find the rates of treatment seeking within participants, the results collected from this study concluded that over-time peoples attitudes towards therapy has become negative and therefore the market for psychotherapy seems to be declining in size. Furthermore, Mackenzie et al., (2014) stated that the main reason as to why people have been increasingly negative towards therapy is due to the exponential increase in the use of mental health medicine in the mental health industry. However, by deviating from the emphasis on the use of prescriptions drugs; by integrating Dekko Comics into the market the increasing negative stigma about therapy might change and peoples attitudes towards psychotherapy can ultimately increase the rates of treatment seeking. This is especially relevant as an increase in healthier alternative ways of treatment might attract customers who might be just against the use of mental health medicine on younger children. Furthermore, the use of Dekko Comics in this specific industry can increase the profitability of the market, as it has been proved to be efficient the product was when presented in schools. NHS (National Health Service) was chosen to action this proposal as it is the main healthcare system in the United Kingdom. Working alongside the NHS Dekko Comics might be able to produce a new line of comics that cater to children aging between 8-14 years with mental health disabilities, as this age demographic might respond more positively with the use of comics in treatment as it is more interactive, enjoyable and age appropriate. Out of 500-pound budget 300 pounds will be spent on researching and developing the new product. If its approved by qualified professionals, which entails that this treatment has to have a high degree of success with patients, 200 pounds will then be used to hold an event at that can be sponsored by the NHS that will increase awareness about mental health issues, as well as state the integration of Dekko Comics into a medical and educational background. Through this event Dekko Comics will get the more media coverage. Ergo, through more coverage Dekko Com ics might increase in popularity and overall use, which is fundamentally important for a start-up such as Dekko Comics. 4.0 Limitations and conclusions This proposal still faces a few challenges, as well as containing a few limiting factors that might affect how successful this proposal can be. To list a few, 500-pound budget was very limiting aspect of designing this proposal as it limited how much can be done. The integration of comics as a use of treatment might also prove to be difficult or ineffective in a practical environment. Furthermore, this market might prove to have a very small profit margin, which in turn would simply cause a loss for Dekko Comics. Although, this study does contain its limitations it is still able to integrate Dekko Comics into other markets, which will inadvertently generate revenue and increase popularity and knowledge of the company. References Antshel, K., Hargrave, T., Simonescu, M., Kaul, P., Hendricks, K. and Faraone, S. (2017) Advances in understanding and treating ADHD. Farrell, L., Oar, E., Waters, A., McConnell, H., Tiralongo, E., Garbharran, V. and Ollendick, T. (2016). Brief intensive CBT for pediatric OCD with E-therapy maintenance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, [online] 42, pp.85-94. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0887618516300950 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Hooton, C. (2017) Our attention span is now less than that of a goldfish, The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/our-attention-span-is-now-less-than-that-of-a-goldfish-microsoft-study-finds-10247553.html. JG, A. (2017) Psychostimulants: Concerns over Long-Term Adverse Side Effects. PubMed NCBI, Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863827. Mackenzie, C., Erickson, J., Deane, F. and Wright, M. (2014). Changes in attitudes toward seeking mental health services: A 40-year cross-temporal meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, [online] 34(2), pp.99-106. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0272735813001591 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Mancebo, M., Eisen, J., Sibrava, N., Dyck, I. and Rasmussen, S. (2011). Patient Utilization of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD. Behavior Therapy, [online] 42(3), pp.399-412. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0005789411000244 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Ozel-Kizil, E. and Kokurcan, A. (2017) Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 59, pp. 351-358. Prakash, J. and Mitra, (2008) Child and Behaviour: A School Based Study, DELHI PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL, 11(1). Research Guides: Graphic Novels and Comics: Journals and Online resources (2017) Guides.nyu.edu. Available at: http://guides.nyu.edu/c.php?g=276896p=1846435. Schendan, H. (2012). Semantic Memory. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, pp.350-358. Stalikas, A. and Fitzpatrick, M. (2008). Positive emotions in psychotherapy theory, research, and practice: New kid on the block?. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, [online] 18(2), pp.155-166. Available at: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=ea32814d-1e6e-4bff-b559-75d234019139%40sessionmgr104vid=1hid=108 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Sturman, M., Corgel, J. and Verma, R. (2011) The Cornell School of Hotel Administration on Hospitality. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Common Themes In Short Stories :: essays research papers

James Joyce, a most prestigious author of many titles, has incorporated into his works many different thoughts, life experiences, as well as themes. Those three things that he used in his works I believe are what made him the awesome author he is today. The main focus of this paper is to inform you of the themes that reoccur in many of his short stories. Some themes that I noticed were: family, frustration, dreams of escape, love infatuations, and finally, sin. Family is a strong theme in Joyce’s writings for in Araby, the young teen finds himself obeying his uncle and asking his permission to go to the festival showing his sense of respect and need for family. In Eveline the family theme can be seen when Eveline stays and takes over the role of head of the household as a teen when her mother dies, because she feels it is her duty and she owed it to her mother. The family theme that I identified can be interpreted many different ways from the context that it was written, but these two short stories were appropriate for this theme. Frustration another prevailing theme in some of Joyce’s work has also been outlined in Araby. Everyday the boy would suffer with an infatuation with a girl he could never have. He even had to deal with his frustration of his self-serving uncle, which he and his aunt were afraid of. The absolute epitome of frustration comes from his uncle when he arrived late at home delaying the one chance of going to Araby. When the boy arrives at Araby to find out that all of the shops are closed his true frustration was reveled on the inside. James Joyce, the man who implied all of his themes was a master of disguise because this theme was an extreme accomplishment to find. The dream of escape comes into play in his stories also. In Araby the boy after arriving at Araby he discovered that everything had already closed. That was his one and only implied chance of escape from his Uncle that was so cruel and uncaring, even unflinching towards what he wanted to do with his life. Joyce uses all of the previous frustration endured by the boy as a springboard for the epiphany he realized in the end. Before the boy had accepted all of the frustration that had come with his life and after the destruction of what was supposed to be his magical escape at the Araby all of the frustration turns into anger and darkness.

Comparing Moby Dick, Ahabs Wife and Diary :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

A Comparison of Moby Dick, Ahab's Wife and Diary A story is composed of many parts, some necessary and some to add meaning. What are necessary are characters, a setting, a conflict, and a resolution. To add meaning an author may include complicated histories to their characters' lives, underlying themes, value within the setting, and surprising twists within the conflicts and resolutions. Because this outline is generally used throughout fictional stories, many, even if written in completely different genres and time periods, are alike and can be compared. This is because through technological and social changes, themes such as man vs. man, man vs. himself, man vs. nature, and man vs. society remain constant. Newer authors such as Chuck Palahniuk are considered post modern; he must create art in a world where everything that could possibly be original has already been created. Therefore he is expected to take what has been done and make it better. Thus, he combines themes from Moby Dick and Ahab's Wife to make Diary. Herman Melvill e wrote Moby Dick in the nineteenth century to narrate a story of a man who battles the world in search of himself. It is hinted that he left a wife behind and selfishly sacrifices his fellow humans because he can only see his one goal: capturing the white whale. Sena Jeter Naslund took the idea that Ahab had a wife and created Ahab's Wife (1999), which gives birth to many characters and similar themes. Most of this novel details Una's life before she met Ahab, but also includes her absent husband a great deal and illustrated their relationship while he is present as well as after he leaves. In both novels the inner turmoil of man dominates, creating similar backgrounds, lives, and goals for both Ahab and his wife Una. Chuck Palahniuk, a nouveaux shock fiction writer, also writes with man vs. himself (sometimes literally), man vs. society, and man vs. nature permeated throughout in order to create his novels. By combining character traits, settings, conflicts, and resolutions, one c an easily understand how, though the world has evolved, the underlying themes of fiction have not. Within the plots of the three novels there are many similarities. Diary is a fictional story written as a series of diary entries. Misty is keeping this diary as suggested by her comatose husband's mother; "It's what sailors and their wives used to do .

History Us Essay

The Dawes Act, also known as the â€Å"General Allotment Act of 1887,† was – in theory – meant to protect the â€Å"property rights† of indigenous peoples during an anticipated â€Å"land rush† when â€Å"Unassigned Lands† in present-day Oklahoma were opened for settlement. Its sponsor, Senator Henry Dawes (R-Massachusetts), was a believer in the power of land ownership to â€Å"civilize† Native peoples, defining the term as the wearing of â€Å"civilized† (i. e. , manufactured and/or Euro-American type) clothing, the practice of agriculture, residing in homes made of wood and/or brick, the use of horse-drawn vehicles, formal schooling for children, consumption of alcohol and the ownership of property (Oates, 2000). While Dawes’ intentions may have been sincere, the nature of the Act and its results demonstrate that, unlike his detractor, Senator Henry Moore (R-Colorado) – who had actually lived in the West and had a better comprehension of Western land issues – Dawes had little understanding of indigenous culture and traditions. In fact, the U. S. government had spent the better part of a century in attempts to â€Å"register† native peoples and individuals. The Dawes Act was an attempt to â€Å"bribe† Indians with promises of land allotments prior to the land rush, partly in compensation for treatment of the previous 100 years. Not surprisingly, many Indians were not particularly trusting. Wars against, and subsequent relocation of the Nez Perce, Sioux, Yakama and other western tribes were not far in the past; even the painful forced relocation of the Cherokee and other Southeastern peoples a half-century before was within living memory of some. Fearing reprisals, many Indians who had refused to submit relocations in the past would not sign the Dawes Rolls. Either (Oates, 2000). Another provision of the Dawes Act required Indians to give up their given names and take on a more English-sounding name; therefore, someone whose name might translate as â€Å"Running Bear† would wind up having to register as â€Å"Richard Bill,† for example. This made it all too easy for government agents to slip in the names of friends and family members, resulting in the transfer of Indian lands to political cronies (Oates, 2000). The Dawes Act appears to contain an interesting conflict; whereas Section Six refers to Land Patents – which according to the law, grants the landholder unconditional rights to said property in perpetuity, Section Ten asserts Congress’ right of â€Å"Eminent Domain,† allowing the government to confiscate the land for any public use â€Å"upon making just compensation† (USC, 1887), creating a large loophole that was taken advantage of often in the ensuing four decades. The record is clear; nearly half of the treaty land passed into the possession of non-native settlers, and the Meriam Report of 1928 clearly showed how government agents had used provisions of the Dawes Act illegally to deprive indigenous peoples of their property – people who had very little concept of land ownership in the Euro-American sense on the first place. Most Native societies were built on communal living within the context of an extended clan-kinship grouping, which more often was matrilineal. This is significant, because of gender roles; traditionally, males were the hunters, while females gathered or – among the few Native peoples that practiced agriculture at all – engaged in the cultivation of food plants. The imposition of Industrial-Age and hyper-patriarchal Victorian values in which the man was the head of a small nuclear family dependent upon a capitalist system led to the disintegration and ultimate destruction of their traditional kinship support system (Norton, 2003). Ultimately, this was yet another â€Å"divide and conquer† strategy that allowed more Indian lands to pass into the control of Euro-American settlers. II. Reconstruction was an attempt on the part of the U. S. federal government to gradually bring the states of the former Confederacy back into the union and resolve social issues of the conflict. The initial phase of Reconstruction began in 1863 under Abraham Lincoln and his successor, Andrew Johnson. Lincoln’s intentions were to restore the Southern states as quickly and with as little rancor as possible; his moderate program mandated that as soon as 10% of a former Confederate state’s electorate signed a loyalty oath, that state could then form a government body and send representatives to Washington D. C. During the mid-term elections of 1866 however, Congress fell under the control of hard-liners of Johnson’s own party. These â€Å"Radical Republicans† – most likely out of vindictiveness toward ex-Confederates rather than any genuine concern for African-Americans – attempted to enforce â€Å"instant equality† onto Southern society. This â€Å"Radical† phase of Reconstruction lasted from 1866 to 1873, and emphasized civil rights and universal suffrage for freed blacks, many of whom were appointed to offices for which many were not necessarily qualified. Numerous well-meaning Northerners moved to the South as well with the intentions of educating blacks and providing relief for blacks and whites displaced by the war; however, they were accompanied by a large number of fortune seekers, who became known as â€Å"Carpetbaggers. † Along with free blacks and native white southern Republicans known as â€Å"Scalawags,† the Carpetbaggers formed a Republican coalition that managed to gain control of every southern state except for Virginia (Norton, 2003). The third phase of Reconstruction started when conservative Democratic coalitions of white supremacists – known as â€Å"Redeemers† – began taking back state legislatures, a process that was complete by 1877. (The former Confederacy would not elect another Republican president for 103 years). It would appear – at least from the perspective of a Southern landowner or former landowner – that such a backlash was inevitable. Many southern slaveholders operated under a sincere belief (misguided as it was) that their Negroes were better off under the â€Å"care† of their masters. When slaves went â€Å"on strike,† and even deserted plantations, surrendering themselves to oncoming Union troops, there were genuine feelings of betrayal. Meanwhile, Northerners often had little love for blacks; for example, an 1863 law that allowed rich whites to buy their way out of the draft led to perceptions among working-class whites that they were being expected to die for the benefit of blacks; this resulted in major riots in New York and Detroit in which many blacks were attacked and killed (Zinn, 2003). Once the white supremacists were back in control, they wasted little time in excluding Afro-Americans from mainstream society, banning them from restaurants, schools, and other establishments as well as suppressing the vote in a number of ways. When challenged in 1883 under the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court interpreted it in a way that made it useless as a guarantor of civil rights, essentially nullifying the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The majority ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment applied to states only, and not private citizens; therefore, discrimination by private individuals was completely within the law. In a dissenting opinion, Justice John Harlan – himself a former slave owner – wrote that discrimination was a â€Å"badge of slavery,† and therefore illegal under the Thirteenth Amendment banning the â€Å"peculiar institution,† as well as Article 4, Section 2 of the Fourteenth: â€Å"†¦the citizens [one born in the U. S. ] of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States† (Zinn, 2003). Nonetheless, the court then – as now – was swinging toward interpretations that favored Big Business and corporate capitalism, which has never had any use for equality of any kind. This eventually paved the way for Plessy v. Fergusson and the subsequent decades of â€Å"Jim Crow† apartheid in the south. III. On the eve of the First World War, class struggle between the workers and corporate capitalism was intensifying. On one side were socialist movements whose members clearly saw what the war was about: the struggle between capitalist power-brokers, through their bought-and-paid-for national governments, over land, colonies, resources, power and wealth – none of which in the working class, who nonetheless wound up fighting an dying in the trenches for these concepts, had any stake whatsoever. On the other side – then as now – were the corporate capitalists, who had a great deal at stake over the outcome of the war. American corporations had substantial investments in British companies and vice-versa; meanwhile, Britain was draining its treasury as well as its people for a war that historians today has never been shown to bring â€Å"any gain for humanity that would be worth one human life† (Zinn, 2003). The German announcement in April of 1917 that they would sink any ship carrying supplies to their enemies (i. e. , Britain) has long been cited as a reason that Wilson eventually sought a declaration of war from Congress. However, German-Americans had for some time been sending aid to the ancestral homeland, while the British had been interfering with the rights of U. S. citizens on the high seas during the same period. Because of economic reality however, Wilson had to find other reasons to enter the war on the side of the Allies (Zinn, 2003). According to historian Richard Hofstader, there were a number of economic reasons that shaped Wilson’s policy on the war; a recession that had begun in 1914 had begun to ease starting the following year because of orders by the Allies that totaled over $2 billion by 1917. By the time the war had begun, foreign investment in the U. S. totaled $3 ? billion. Foreign markets were considered vital to the U. S. economy. Since the outbreak of hostilities, Britain was buying not only durable goods and war materiel from U. S. companies, but since the lift on a ban on private bank loans to the Allies, were taking out many interest-bearing loans as well. The result is that the U. S. economy became closely tied to British victory. African-American author and activist W. E. B. DuBois clearly saw that the wealth of the U. S. and Europe was built on the backs of people in the lands which they had colonized – chiefly Africa and Asia, control over which were at the heart of the conflict. War, he said was a â€Å"safety valve† for the tensions of class conflict. Warfare created an â€Å"artificial community of interest† between the corporatist/investor class and that of the workers (Zinn, 2003). This was not lost on the workers of the nation. Only 73,000 men volunteered in during the first six weeks following the declaration, and there was little indication of public support. Socialist anti-war rallies throughout the country were attended by thousands of working people protesting the war and corporate profiteering. A conservative newspaper in Akron, Ohio admitted that the nation â€Å"had never embarked upon a more unpopular war† (Zinn, 2003). The federal government – at the behest of the corporate interests who then (as now) had the legislature in its back pocket – had little choice but institute legal and punitive measures which included both military conscription and the Espionage Act – a law of dubious constitutionality passed for the purpose of silencing dissent (Oates, 2000). While ostensibly the law was to protect the nation from spies, a clause provided for a penalty of up to twenty years imprisonment for anyone found guilty of causing â€Å"insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny or refusal of duty,† although another clause stated that â€Å"nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or restrict†¦any discussion, comment, or criticism of the acts or policies of the Government. † Nonetheless, Socialist leader Charles Schenk was arrested in September 1917 for the distribution of leaflets arguing that conscription was a violation of the Thirteenth Amendment. Another Socialist, Eugene V. Debs, was arrested the following June for making a public speech against the war. Eventually, nine hundred people were incarcerated under the Espionage Act and dissenters buried under an intense propaganda campaign by the government and their corporate lapdogs in the media. IV. â€Å"Prohibition† – the perhaps well-intentioned, but misguided attempt to outlaw the consumption of alcohol and spirituous liquors – dates back to the beginning of the republic. During colonial times, moderate alcohol consumption was tolerated, but over-indulgence was not. Alcohol was a â€Å"gift of God,† while drunkenness was seen as an abuse of that gift, but alcohol itself was not seen as a problem – only the behaviors associated with its excessive consumption. By the time of the revolution however, this had changed significantly. The shift from an agrarian to an urban society brought with it the usual consequences of poverty and unemployment, which in turn resulted in crime. With a strongly Puritan-influenced mindset, most devout Americans were unable to make the connection between poverty and crime, so alcohol became the scapegoat. The complete prohibition of alcoholic beverages was promulgated by religious Protestant groups on the grounds that it was the cause of crime and domestic violence. Prohibition movements met with limited success in the years running up to the Civil War. After a twenty-year hiatus, the concept was revived by the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the Prohibition Party, which gained significant political power in the forty-year period on either side of 1900. Prohibition laws were enacted locally throughout the nation, even to the point of becoming state law in Kansas. A number of southern states as well as individual counties within those states, with their streak of religious conservatism and intolerance, followed suit (Norton, 2003). (This patchwork of laws had some rather odd results that persist to the present day; for example, Jack Daniels Whiskey is still manufactured in Lynchburg, Tennessee, but local ordinance makes it illegal to sell or purchase it there. )

Literary Analysis of Tell-Tale Heart

A Doll's House was a controversial play in its time because of Ibsen's bold questioning of society's basic rules and norms. One of the most pressing questions in the play is that of the unequal treatment of women. Ibsen questions Is it right to treat women as inferiors? ‘ Through the relationship between Nora and Helmer, Ibsen presents unequal power sharing in a negative light, trying to provoke the audience into questioning what was accepted as the norm in that period. One of the subtler techniques used is Helmer's language and diction.He uses animal terms to refer to her, such as skylark' and squirrel'. This suggests that Helmer does not love Nora as an equal, and treats her like a pet'. Worse, he calls her his possession', as if she were a thing, not an individual with her own separate identity. This use of patronizing, demeaning terms highlights the social norm of treating women as inferior, and provokes the audience to question the validity of that norm. Moreover, for the larger part of the play, Helmer is portrayed as having the most power in the relationship.He controls all the money, and gives it to Nora as gifts. Nora's statement that she has lived by performing tricks' and by being pretty and charming, makes the audience aware of the demeaning, unethical aspects of inequality, and again questions the validity of this social norm, which, unfortunately, has not been completely eroded even in modern society. Nevertheless, the question of inequality between the sexes is only part of the major question Ibsen poses: Is it right to force people into social roles without giving them the freedom to explore who they are and what they want to be? Ibsen presents this question by first characterizing Nora and Helmer as faithful conformists to social roles and then dramatizing the negative effects of those roles in an effort to provoke audiences of that period to think about their deeply ingrained beliefs. Nora seems to fulfill the role of a dutiful wife and mother. She does not work but stays at home and takes care of her children. Ibsen then reveals that, firstly, she is not really fulfilled, or self-actualized, through this role.The role of wife and mother does not bring out all her potential. He shows this through Nora's fond reminiscence about doing a bit of copying' to pay off her debts: It was almost like being a man'. She finds the experience fun' and gratifying, and does it for a good cause. However, she has to work in secret as her role does not permither to work. The audience is shown the negative effects of confining men and women to stereotypical roles. Ibsen in questioning, through Nora, whether it is right to constrain men and women to certain roles in society.Moreover, Ibsen reveals that forcing individuals into roles because of gender might be an exercise in futility as not everyone is suitable for their roles. Nora, for instance, in not a very good mother. The maids spend more time than her with the children (though it is possible that this is also a social convention), and she plays with them like dolls'. Helmer, too, is a victim of society's expectations. He tells Nora that he loves her so much he wishes that she were in danger so that he could risk everything' for her sake.He sees himself as bold and strong, doubtless part of his identity he has received from social conditioning. However, when Nora is really in danger from Krogstad's blackmailing, Helmer's reaction shows the audience that he is a coward and cares only for himself when there is danger. He is unable to fulfill the role expected of him. This not only shatters the perfect model husband stereotype, but also leads the audience to question whether it is right to force such unjust expectations onto individuals without giving them freedom to grow by themselves.Finally, this leads us to the most important question Ibsen presents: Should individuals not be free to create their own identity, uninfluenced by society? ‘ We have seen t he negative effects of Nora being forced into the role of wife and mother. She feels suppressed as can be seen through her comments that she would simply love to say Damn' in front of Helmer (in that period, the word damn' was seen as extremely rude and vulgar). She enjoys working, but cannot because her role does not allow her to.The question presented here is that would it not be better if society did not determine roles based on gender and let individuals decide by themselves what they want to be? Ibsen reveals a common failing of society through Nora's reminiscences of childhood: her father formed his opinions, and Nora just accepted them, never voicing her own. And when she married Helmer, she merely acquired his tastes'. She has had no chance of gaining of more experience of the world and to learn more about herself. All those years, she has been what her father and husband, symbols of society, want her to be.The aforementioned question is presented beautifully in that last co nflict between Helmer and Nora. Helmer says that Nora's sacred duty' is to her husband and children. Nora replies that first and foremost [she is] an individual', and leaves her doll's house' to gain experience and knowledge, and to find out more about herself. The play does not tell us her eventual fate. Such as ending merely presents the audience with questions regarding the validity of deeply ingrained social norms, roles and values, and whether it would be better if individuals, like Nora, used their freedom to find their own way in life.These questions were highly relevant in the period in which A Doll's House was written, and are still significant now. Even in modern society, men and women are still expected to take on certain roles and identities and are persecuted for going against cultural and social norms. And because these questions are presented through the lives of ordinary men and women like us, whom we can identify with and whose situations are not so dissimilar to ou r own, those questions become even more significant to us and the problems we face in our daily lives.

English Language Essay

English has been used in many different ways since we ever started speaking it. Now as we move into the future, English has and still will be used as an international language. Why is it considered so? Also how did this come about? There are changes ongoing that affect English as a language, such as employment opportunities and why it is important for any potential employer wishing to employ someone. It is also used by professionals who are at work each day, on travel, or work-related matters. English is spoken in many different countries and many people there understand English as it is required for business, travel etc. English is also a source of knowledge as it is needed to understand what people are saying, reading books, writing letters, or reading the newspapers for example. Now in this present time we might be thinking that English will not be threatened, but will the future be well for English in the future like it is now? These questions will be answered throughout this piece of text. English has become an international language with global significance. For some, English has the meaning of a language that has been established for a long time and has had large number of native speakers. In this sense, English, Spanish, Hindi and Arabic, the most widely spoken mother tongues in the world nowadays, might be considered as international languages. However, although these languages are spoken by a large number of native speakers of other civilizations, they cannot serve as a language of wider communication. It is in this sense that English is the international language. In many instances it is the language of wider communication both among individuals from different countries and between individuals from one country. In this way, English is an international language in both a global and a local sense. How did English become an international language? At the height of British power in places such as Australia, India, Hong Kong etc. , the sun never set on the Empire which meant that the British held least one country in each continent and that whenever it was night or day it was never going to set on the British Empire fully. They had significant holdings in places all over the world as well as being a major trading nation, and English traders could be found almost anywhere. English was a very useful language to learn for this reason. As American power eclipsed that of Great Britain, people didn’t have to learn a new language to deal with Americans – Americans spoke English, too. So English’s position became more entrenched. English is a language of international communication. It is used in many places, for example in an airport where all the messages are in English. English is used in tourism, trade, technology. All the newest things within technology are printed in English. It is spoken by a lot of people in the world. It’s one of official languages in United Nation and European Union. It’s easy to use and to communicate to people everywhere. It’s not a very difficult language to learn. All computer languages and programs are closely connected with English. A lot of information in the internet is also written in English. For this reason this is why English became an international language. What potential employers want most of a potential employee is someone with motivation, intelligence, and proven ability to work. If you get an English degree this shows that you have all of those qualities. The ability to communicate is also very valuable for almost any job. Studying English teaches you how to write clearly and effectively. Most courses and some jobs also require presentations and seminar discussions to develop your spoken communication skills. This is what employers are looking for in potential employees. Professionals use the English language, for example a doctor, who would use medical terminology with English instead of plain English. With all this new technology that we have now, there must be a clear and precise way for nurses and doctors to communicate. It is a universal term of reference and highly useful for pinpointing or describing a location or procedure that is required. Doctors and nurses may also use medical terminology when discussing something in front of a patient in order to prevent undue anxiety. Medical â€Å"jargon† is not at all meant to speak in pig latin in front of a patient. It is so that there is no mistake when doctors are conveying information about a patient to each other. For example, to a lay person, â€Å"fever† may mean that the person feels hot, or that the temperature is above 100 Fahrenheit. But no one really knows and can cause a lot of confusion. With medical terms, things are very clear, so that even a surgeon in France can read a scientific journal article and know exactly what the author means. That way, also, medicine can be global and that the medical societies can share ideas and innovations. Since everything in a patient’s medical records must be documented, from signs and symptoms, to the patient’s medical history, to the final diagnosis and treatment, it saves the doctors and all other medical personnel a considerable amount of ime to use a universally accepted form of medical terminology. And, even more importantly to use medical terminology, means it will be safer when all medical professionals, from doctors and nurses, lab techs to radiology techs, etc. use the same universal medical terminology so they don’t have to try to guess what was ordered or charted on the patient’s medical records or what procedure a patient needs. English is used to communicate globally because there are many different languages in the world, and there are none that are more impactful than the English language. The use of the English language is something that is considered a requirement in many fields of business, especially in the higher levels. Even in countries where English is not the country’s first language, a basic knowledge of English is generally required. This fact is definitely true in the fields of medicine and computing, where one is bound to have to communicate with someone that was not born in the same country that you were. And in these fields, having a lingo is something that definitely something that can come in handy. English and people around the world have been studying it for a number of years for them to learn it as best as they possibly can. Chances there will more than likely be a time where a person would need to communicate with someone from another country, and if English, a person could benefit from learning it! And with this global language of communication, it will definitely not be an effort that is in vain. We can use English as a source of knowledge and most of the knowledge is one the internet. There’s only one problem. Most of this knowledge is in English. You must know how to speak English and write English in order to use webpages that are in English Here are some examples of knowledge you can use if you know English: * Most pages on the Web. There’s over a billion (1,000,000,000) pages of information! It’s amazing that learning just one language gives you access to almost all knowledge on the Internet. * Books — on any subject, from all over the world. Read books by British or American authors, and books translated from other languages. Whatever you’re interested in, you can read about it in English! * The press. Only English-language magazines and newspapers can be bought in every part of the world. You don’t have to search for Time, Newsweek, or the International Herald Tribune! * Science. English is the key to the world of science. In 1997, 95% of the articles in the Science Citation Index were written in English. Only about 50% of them were from English-speaking countries like the USA or Britain. * News reports. Watch international television networks, such as CNN International and NBC. They broadcast news much faster, and more professionally, than smaller, national networks. And you can watch them everywhere in the world provided they are actually broadcasting in English. Will English be threatened in the future? Take a giant leap into the future by whatever means available to you. A hundred years ahead would be enough for the purpose in mind. You just want to check out what changes the English language would have undergone over this period of time. Your growing concern for the future of the English Language is indeed justifiable, as you are fully aware that at present certain changes to the English language are taking place and these changes are inevitable as they are part of modernisation. In order to integrate with the technology of the day and to facilitate the proper use of modern communication methods such as text messaging on mobile phones, the changes that are being applied to grammar and punctuation are inevitable. These things might happen in the future and might also affect the future of the English language. In summing up, English has become an international language with global significance. English is the international language because in some instances it is the language of wider communication both among individuals from different countries and between individuals from the same country. English language became the international language, because the British held many countries and were very influential in making English the international language. English is important to any potential employer because it shows that teaches you know how to write clearly and effectively. They also want to be sure that your spoken communication skills are well developed. Professionals for example a doctor would use medical terminology with English instead of plain English because it is needed to communicate between staff in a hospital where it is critical that they know what is going on with a patient right away. English has been and will be used to communicate globally, now and in the future because although there are many different languages in the world, but there were none that were as more impactful than the English language has ever been. English can be a source of knowledge because we can use English because most of the knowledge is on the internet. Currently, we will not know what will happen to English in the future, because we think that English is secure now, but things could happen to English in the future that we could have not envisaged.

Characteristic She Walks in Beauty Essay

What does this poem seem to be about? This poem seems to be about a person who’s describing or expressing a girl’s appearance and how her personality is. | | Words: Were the words in this poem difficult or easy to understand? Was there any word or phrase that was powerful to you? The word or phrase that was powerful to me was â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night†| | Images: Did the poet create strong images? What could you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel? The poet created very strong images in my mind such as how the girl might look. I felt calm when I was reading the poem. | | Figurative Language: What poetic devices were used in this poem? What did these poetic devices do for the poem? Did these devices help create imagery or communicate the author’s feelings? The poetic device that was used in the poem was simile. In the phrase â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night†, it states like or as, so therefore it is a simile. The poetic device conveyed what the poem means more. | | Emotion: What emotion was the author trying to express? I think the author was in peace and he is probably in love. | | Structure: How is the poem organized (lines, stanzas, etc. )? The poem is organized in 3 stanzas. What is unique or interesting about the structure of the poem? Does the poem rhyme? Something that is unique about the poem is that uses words such as o’er. It looks like it has been written a long time ago. Yes, this poem has rhyming words such as night, bright, and light. | | Meaning: What is the poem saying about life or love? The author is voicing his love for a girl. Do you agree or disagree with this message? Explain. I agree with this message because everyone will always have a lover in their life. Are there any other reasonable ways to interpret this poem? Another reasonable way to interpret this poem is that a lover will one day come into your heart. | | Publication: What kind of magazine or other publication would be the best place for this type of poem? The magazine that would be perfect for this poem is Cloud Nine. Cloud Nine has articles about people who are in love. The way that the author writes this poem seems that he is in love. He is describing the girl in a calm, peaceful, and adorable way. The poem starts off with â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night†. This statement clearly states that it will perfectly fit with the Cloud Nine Magazine.

Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother

In a study of 50 Hispanic American mothers and 48 Chinese immigrants' mothers, nearly 70% of Western mothers said that it is not good for children to emphasize student success or parents In contrast, about 0% of Chinese mothers have the same emotion. Conversely, most Chinese mothers think that their children are best students I believe we can be. They failed at school, then there was a problem, and their parents did not do their job .... Chinese parents spend about ten times on school activities a day. The war song of Tiger Mama sings a song that caused a global parenting debate about the mother 's strict parenting. Amy Chua believes that raising children in the West will respect and train the child's personality. Tiger Mothers Battle Song records Kay's decision to raise her daughter, Sophia and Lulu Chinese way - and the convincing and sometimes painful results her choices cause. Tiger Mama's battle song is a painful, sincere and profound challenge, one of the most noteworthy books in our time. Tiger Mothers Battle Song is a book published in 2011 by American writer and lawyer Amy Chua. It quickly promoted the concept and terminology of Tiger Mother and became the source of inspiration for Singapore's TV program Tiger Mother in 2014-2015. In 2015, the mother of the mainland Chinese drama tiger, and the Hong Kong series tiger's mother blues 2017. In an article published on Wall Street Journal under the heading Wall Street Journal on January 8, 2011, an excerpt from her book is included. This work has become the point of controversy. Many readers have missed so-called satire and humor that is not self-explanatory in the title and the work itself, but claim that Chua was concrete and very strict and ethnically defined. Advantage of parenting method Actually, Tua says that this book is not a manual of operation method but a self-critical memoir.

Christ in Concrete, by Pietro di Donato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christ in Concrete, by Pietro di Donato - Essay Example Paul’s as well as other worker’s aggravation in a capitalist scenario pushes them to take resort to the consolation of Catholicism. But the hollowness of the doctrinal consolation further throws them into more frustration. Ultimately Paul feels that he has to rise above the inertia that Catholic belief imposes upon him. Thus Pietro purports that Catholicism’s essential function is to perpetuate the working class people’s sufferings, since it allures those people to be more tolerating, submissive and compliant to their exploiters to achieve something intangible instead of improving their condition tangibly. Thus Catholicism has turned into one of the capitalist institution, as xxx says in this regard, â€Å"In a reality filled with deprivation, humiliation and exploitation the Catholic institutions lose influences and effective as capitalist entities, represented by the allegorical Job and Boss, take their place† (). From the very beginning of his li fe, Paul is familiar with the catholic beliefs and its tenets that have given birth to a lingering forbearance for suffering and to accept the hardship in the workplace as a test of faith in God. Ironically his father Geremio seeks God’s guidance and help in the problems and hardships, caused by the Capitalist omnivorous greed for money and benefit. Geremio says, â€Å"It is not possible to breathe God’s air without fear dominating the pall of unemployment†¦.To rebel is to lose all of the very little. To be obedient is to choke. O dear Lord, guide my path† (Donato 13). The underlying irony of the Catholicism is that it teaches people to seek heavenly guidance for problems created earthly exploiters like Boss and Job. Indeed the hollowness of Catholicism is further exposed by Geremio’s vain unanswered imploration for Jesus’ help in the collapse of the building, while burying him alive. He is constantly aware of the danger in the workplace and, Job and Boss’s reluctance to pay their attention to such danger. Yet he seeks for Jesus’ help: â€Å"Show yourself now, Jesu! Now is the time! Why don’t you come! Are you there! I cannot stand it-ohhh! Why do you let it happen-where are you? Hurry hurry hurry!† (Donato 18) Through little Paul’s experience Pietro’s readers view the church as an institution that survives at the mercy of capitalism; as an institution of capitalism that nourish capitalist interests by subduing the workers’ reaction to the injustice and exploitation of the upper class of the society, replacing these rebellious emotions of the working class people with a vain doctrinal optimism for God’s help and that is void of any compassion for the oppressed and the distressed. Little Paul, who has prematurely shouldered the responsibility of his family at his childhood, sees the priest sitting at a â€Å"long table reaching away beautifully lit with slim candle throwing warm glow on shiny porcelain plates containing baked potatoes and cuts of browns dripping lambs and fresh peas and platters of hot food cold food hard food soft food† (58), while he and his family remain hungry. Upon Paul’s request, Father John replies that he has â€Å"nothing to do with charities. There is a board of trustee who confers and pass on the expenditure† (59). Paul’

Incentive systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Incentive systems - Essay Example An incentive system entails the use of different tools and modalities by human resource throughout the entire level of the organization. Their sole use is the promotion of improvement of results in relation to preset annual objectives associated with the organization. Incentives may be fashioned in four distinct modes, which are material, status, purposive or solidarity. As such, it is consequently self evident that it is in the best interest of organizations to design and implement incentives systems to operate within their structure. There exist several objectives which incentive systems can be designed to achieve. However, this paper will only outline three objectives, which can be considered basic, in relation to the organization. Evaluation Above all else, the primary purpose that incentives are tasked with is rewarding efficiency of an employee. As such, this objective should take the top priority when designing an incentive system. It has been noted that in situations whereby the efficiency of employees is not recognized and subsequently rewarded, the morale of these employees frequently experiences a reduction (KRESSLER 2003, p. 21). This overall effect is to the detriment of the organization as a whole. Rewarding efficiency is an important mechanism of maintaining and subsequently raising the levels of motivation of the workers. Organizations strive to employ skilled labor so as to boost the quality and quantity of their output. However, these employees have thousands of opportunities, aside from their position at the firm, that are available for them. Thus, recognizing their performance is highly instrumental in maintaining their service in the organization. This should be regarded with utmost importance as it has been note that the performance o an organization is directly correlated with the quality of performance of its human resource. Aside from building business in the present situation, treating the human resource as assets to the organization f urther ensures that the organization will also be viable, with respect to the market, in the future. Recognizing and rewarding efficiency enables the management and employees to work in tandem, resulting into the development of a talented and dedicate workforce, which is focused in achieving organization goals. Aside from raising the motivation levels, rewarding employee efficiency leads to a direct reduction in the rate of attrition. The top management is tasked with, among other responsibilities, planning how to achieve preset goals. However, it is the work force that executes these plans. In the absence of a talented, motivated and dedicated workforce. There are two means that can be employed in rewarding the efficiency of an employee, these are monetary and non-monetary. Monetary rewards can range from a raise in wages to monetary allowances amongst other forms. While non-monetary rewards can range from trophies, certificates to letters of appreciation. When these two mechanisms are combined, in an effort to reward employees, there would be an improved drive to quality performance by employees. The second basic objective of incentive systems entails the reduction of production cost. This is in regards to the cost of producing a single unit of output. The primary goal of all businesses is to minimize total costs and maximize on profits. This enables the firm to be able to maintain its relevance in the industry of operation. It is for this